Excretory System Review Main Concepts: Describe the major gross anatomical structures of the excretory system. Kidneys: receive about 25% of the cardiac output; produce urine (a fluid containing water‚ ions‚ and small soluble compounds) Ureters: receive urine from the kidneys and conduct it to the urinary bladder. Urine movement involves a combo of gravity and the peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the ureters Urinary Bladder: receives and stores urine prior to elimination
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Situation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today‚ each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic‚ and both are hypertensive. First‚ discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure‚ providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity
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diuretics are often the first choice in high BP medications. Thiazide diuretics include: hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)‚ chlorthalidone and others. Diuretics or calcium channel blockers may work better for African-Americans and older people than do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors alone. Beta blockers are another type of medication; they reduce the workload on your heart and open your blood vessels‚ causing your heart to beat slower and with less force. Beta blockers include: acebutolol
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typically involves elevated levels of epinephrine and glucocorticoids Alarm reaction- mediated by norepinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system‚ and epi from the adrenal medulla. They prepare body for flight or fight. Angiotensin and aldosterone levels also increase. Angiotensin raises BP‚ aldosterone promotes sodium and H2O conservation‚ which helps offset possible losses by sweating and bleeding. Stage of Resistance- If stressful situation isn’t resolved before the glycogen is gone‚ it enters
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CH. 25 1. At which stage of life is the percentage of fluid in the human body highest? Infancy 2. In elderly individuals‚ 75% of body weight is made up of fluid. True False 3. When comparing two individuals of the same body weight‚ the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body. 4. When comparing a lean adult female to a lean adult male‚ which will most likely have a higher percentage of body fluid? The Male 5. Fluid imbalances are more common
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J. Biovail Pharmaceuticals‚ Inc Merck Sharp & Dohme. Vasotec® (1986): formulary information monograph. West Point‚ P.A. Merck. Prinivil® (lisinopril) (2006): tablets prescribing information. Whitehouse Station‚ N.J. D‚ Robertson J.I.‚ (1990): Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and moderate hypertension Neaton J.D.‚ Kuller L.H.‚ (2005): Diuretics are color blind Russell J. Greene and Norman D. Harris (2004) : Pathology and therapeutics for pharmacist 3rd edition Pfeffer M.A.‚ Braunwald E.‚
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------------------------------------------------- Water and Electrolytes Water constitutes 50-55% of a woman’s body weight and 55-60% of man’s weight. Water gives structure and form to the body‚ helps maintain body temperature‚ and also creates the necessary environment for cell metabolism. There are two compartments of body water‚ extracellular and intracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid (ECF) is water found outside of cells. Making up approximately 20% of total body weight‚ the ECF consists
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1SCENARIO 1 (500 words) A patient who is waiting to be seen in a clinic is feeling stressed. In relation to physiological stress‚ explain why their heart rate is increasing. PLEASE TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW: Any destruction or disturbance into a person’s mental and physical wellbeing is referred as stress. Stress can be considered as stimulus wherein a person reacts in a different way (Niven‚ N. 1994). In stressful circumstances‚ The body react if there are build ups in the production of hormones
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Jermel Chaney 11/15/2012 Mod E Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis is some type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the blood is damaged. Its caused by the problems with body’s immune system. Often‚ the exact cause of glomerulonephritis is unknown. Damage to the glomeruli cause blood and protein to be lost in the urine condition may develop quickly and kidney function is lost within weeks or months. A quarter of people with chronic
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Arterial blood pressure is "normal" when the systolic pressure is 90-119 mmHg and the diastolic pressure is 60-79 mmHg. When the arterial pressure is ≥120/80 mmHg‚ a person is considering being hypertensive [1-3]. According to U.S. national guidelines (JNC 7 Report and JNC 8 Report)‚ the following represents different stages of hypertension: Classification Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Normal <120 <80 Prehypertension 120-139 80-89 Stage 1 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 >160 >100 Treatment of Hypertension
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