Mary the Nursing Student Mary is 39 -year-old LPN and single mother who is attending a local community college to prepare for an A.S. degree in nursing so she can then become an RN. Mary has not been feeling well for several months. She has had bouts of nausea‚ a low fever‚ and has found that she no longer enjoys eating and smoking as much as she used to. She has also noticed that her urine is darker than usual and she has yellowing of her eyes. She has noted that she has a puffy appearance
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25 The Urinary System: Urinary System Organs * Kidneys are major excretory organs * Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine * Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder * Urethra transports urine out of the body Kidney Functions * Removal of toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions from the blood * Regulation of blood volume‚ chemical composition‚ and pH Kidney Functions * Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting * Endocrine functions * Renin: regulation
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educate Mr. X to do at home that can help to maintain potassium homeostasis? i). The education Mr. X to maintain potassium homeostasis would consist of the following; do not take medication such as NSAID’S‚ potassium containing salt substitutes‚ angiotensin ii receptor blockers (ARBs)‚ and potassium-sparing diuretics. Do not eat potassium contents of different foods such as; oranges and orange juice‚ leafy green vegetables‚ such as spinach and greens (collard and kale) and potatoes. Avoid caffeine
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Case Study #3 1. Out of the three time points‚ Max was the most dehydrated immediately after exercise. 2. The two parameters that can be used to determine Max’s hydration status is color and and pH. It is not specific gravity (SG) because Max’s SG is 1.035 which is within normal range. It is also not protein because in the lab manual it says that a trace amount of albumin in Max’s urine is normal. 3. If ADH levels increase‚ water reabsorption by the DCT/collecting ducts increases and the resulting
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Drug Classifications A.C.E. Inhibitors - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Avoiding Angiotensin II may avoid increased blood pressure and vasoconstriction. They usually have the suffix "PRIL" A.2.R.B. - Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers block Angiotensin 2 enzymes from specific receptor sites. Avoiding Angiotensin 2 activity helps prohibit vasoconstriction. They usually have the suffix "ARTAN" Anti-Biotics - Anti-Biotics inhibit the
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The kidney is made up of nephrons‚ which are a kidney’s functional units. These nephrons collect fluid filtered from the blood. The kidney connects to the renal artery‚ renal‚ vein‚ and ureter. Purified blood leaves the kidney using the renal vein‚ urine leaves using a ureter and the renal artery carries blood from the aorta to the kidney. The nephron has a cup-shaped nephric capsule that surrounds a cluster of capillaries called the glomerulus. A good deal of fluid from the blood filters into the
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of Urinary System The urinary system consists of the kidneys‚ ureters‚ urinary bladder‚ and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters‚ urinary bladder‚ and urethra together form the urinary tract‚ which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the kidneys‚ store it‚ and then release it during urination. Besides filtering and eliminating wastes from the body‚ the urinary system also maintains the homeostasis of water‚ ions‚ pH‚ blood pressure‚ calcium
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Unit 1 Questions 1- 3 Figure 1 The sources of blood glucose in a human body during a normal day of 24 hours are shown in the above figure. Glucose is primarily derived from glycogenolysis occurring between meals. Glucose is chiefly sourced from the dietary intake for few hours following the principal meals of the day. Late at night‚ gluconeogenesis becomes the predominant source of glucose. 1 Glycogenolysis decreases after midnight because A C 2 gluconeogenesis takes place. hepatic glycogen is
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Blood Pressure 1. What are the three main factors that influence total peripheral resistance (TPR)? a. Turbulence b. Vascular Resistance c. A change in blood viscosity 2. Name three hormones that act as vasoconstrictors. a. Epinephrine b. Angiotensin II c. Antidiuretic Hormone 3. Name two hormones that directly increase blood volume. a. Antidiuretic Hormone b. Aldosterone 4. Track the effect on blood pressure by reducing venous return. Go through all the steps. VR decrease in stroke
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controlled by choosy limitations of post-glomerular (efferent) arteriole by the discharge of rennin and generation of angiotensins II. Continuous hypoperfusion of the kidneys may lead to the malfunction of these offsetting devices and a severe drop in GFR. Renal tubules develop into hyper functional and re-absorption of sodium and water is greater than before‚ through the importance of angiotensins‚ aldosterone and vasopressin. This leads to the development of a small amount of urine which is reduced. *
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