ECONM2035: Asset Pricing Evarist Stoja (2B7‚ x10603) e.stoja@bristol.ac.uk Outline: This course runs over the autumn term and aims to provide a thorough grounding in the pricing of financial securities. The lectures start with some quantitative review material before moving on to bond pricing. Equity markets and determination of equity prices are treated next before students are introduced to the theory behind and testing procedures for informational efficiency in financial markets. Finally
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7 Transfer Pricing LEARNING OBJECTIVES : After studying this chapter students will understand. * Purpose of transfer pricing * Responsibility of a division as responsibility centre * Conflicts between the divisions * Setting of transfer price where the profit of the organisation can be higher. 7.1 Introduction The whole organisation can be divided into a number of divisions‚ the performance of each division can be measured in terms of both the income earned and the
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Pricing Strategy Steps in Setting Price: Following are the steps in setting price for a product: 1. Selecting the pricing objectives; 2. Determining the consumers’ demand; 3. estimating costs; 4. Analysing the competitors’ costs‚ prices and offers; 5. Selecting a pricing method; and 6. Selecting the final price. 1. Selecting the pricing objectives: Before selecting a suitable price for a product‚ the marketer is needed to review the company’s objectives. The more clearer the company’s
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to a specific environment. This is indeed the case with its implementation of its pricing strategy‚ which is one of localisation rather than globalisation. Table II illustrates the comparative Big Mac prices (flagship brand of McDonald’s) from around the world. It succeeds in highlighting the point that McDonald’s has had to come up with different pricing strategies for different countries. More importantly‚ rather than just having a different pricing policy for the Big Mac in these listed countries
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. Pricing Strategies: 1. Penetration Pricing: This pricing strategy is followed by companies with the intention to maximize their market share. They believe that a higher sales volume will lead to lower unit costs & higher long-run profit. Example: China Mobile Phones in India.This is one of the fastest growing industries in India. China mobile phones are cheap and offer the same features as a expensive mobile from some other well known manufacturer few samples of Chinese mobiles are shown
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Banking Customer Insight Pricing Analytics 2011 Copyright © 2010 Accenture. All Rights Reserved. Document Overview Banking Customer Insight : Pricing Analytics Title Description Sponsors Developers Updated The document briefly describes the concept & methodology adopted in the field of Pricing Analytics Edwin VanderOuderaa (edwin.vanderouderaa@accenture.com) John T Mchugh (john.t.mchugh@accenture.com) Sanjay Ojha(s.ojha@accenture.com) Gaurav Goyal (gaurav.a.goyal@accenture
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Table of Contents 1. The Need for Pricing 2. Pricing Software Industry Products 3. Licensing 4. Pricing Discrimination 5. Bundling 6. Other Pricing Issues 7. Summary The Need for Pricing Pricing has far reaching effects beyond the cost of the product. Pricing is just as much a positioning statement as a definition of the cost to buy. Price defines the entry threshold: who your buyers are and their sensitivities‚ which competitors you will encounter‚ who you will
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Pricing Strategies Competition based pricing Setting the price based upon prices of the similar competitor products. Competitive pricing is based on three types of competitive products: * Products having lasting distinctiveness from competitor’s product. Here we can assume * The product has low price elasticity. * The product has low cross elasticity. * The demand for the product will rise. * Products have perishable distinctiveness from competitor’s product‚ assuming the product
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MKT 521 *Psychological Pricing S*trategy {draw:frame} Reference Pricing.- Any business can leverage on reference pricing by positioning their product in the market place along with high value or luxury items to make consumers perceive that its product fits into the same category. However‚ if consumers feel that the product does not belong in that category the pricing and positioning strategy will not work and be it counterproductive for the product and the company. Two common forms of
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Pricing strategies An enterprise should have a good pricing strategy which is suitable to the company’s current situation or condition in order to earn more profits. By adopting a good pricing strategy‚ company has a key option to stay viable. If a company wants to earn more profit‚ merely raising the price of a product is not a good option particularly in economy recession. It can lead a company to downfall as the company’s product lost out in the marketplace because of the price factor. Product
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