Bronze Age of the Near East‚ major civilizations like Egypt‚ Hatti‚ and Assyria engaged with each other politically and economically. These interactions have been captured through a group of correspondence called the Amarna Letters. Found in the ancient city Akhetaten‚ the Amarna Letters feature direct contact between Pharaoh Akhenaten and other leaders. According to archeologists‚ Alashiya‚ a copper rich civilization found in the letters‚ likely refers to an elite urban center in Cyprus (Priscila)
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SmenkhkareAnkhkheperure 1335-33 · Everything about this pharaoh is subject to controversy: sex‚ identity‚ length of reign‚ spouse‚ tomb· Reign sees the beginning of the return to orthodoxy TutankhamunNebkheperure 1333-24 · An interim reign featuring aspects of both Amarna and traditional religious and artistic forms · Egypt’s political capital returns to Memphis; Thebes re-established as centre of the state cult of Amun· Extensive building work carried out at the temples at Karnak and Luxor AyKheperkheperure 1324-21
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Pompeii and Herculaneum Public baths: * The people that had time for leisure‚ a visit to the baths were a regular social event. It was a place where people meet their friends‚ political allies and business associates. * It was in Campania that hot baths (thermae) were first developed. Pompeii had public baths as early as the 4th century BC‚ were as Rome did not have anything similar until the time of Augustus. * The Stabian baths at Pompeii are the earliest. Pompeii came to have many
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Malala‚ Rosa Parks‚ Marilyn Monroe‚ and Tina Fey. Yet our country has failed to elect a woman President since becoming a free nation. In three of the most iconic works of art‚ Venus of Willdendorf from the Paleolithic era‚ the Bust of Nefertiti from Amarna‚ Egypt and the Venus de Milo from Melos‚ Greece give us insight in the role played by women in each society. Throughout history‚ civilizations have portrayed women as objects of beauty and sensuality‚ all while limiting their natural rights. The
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houses of the New Kingdom can be reconstructed in our imaginations with comparatively little effort due to the variety of evidence that‚ remarkably‚ has survived. Apart from the very substantial archaeological data‚ particularly that recovered from Amarna‚ that enable us to restore the ground plans and to some extent the interior decoration of late Eighteenth-Dynasty houses. there exist many drawings and paintings on ostraca‚ in papyri‚ and on tomb walls‚ providing vivid views of house exteriors and
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the ancient world‚ and an icon of feminine beauty. The work is believed to have been crafted in 1345 BC by the sculptor Thutmose. A German archaeological team led by Ludwig Borchardt discovered the Nefertiti bust in 1912 in Thutmose’s workshop in Amarna‚ Egypt. It has been kept at several locations in Germany since its discovery‚ including a salt mine in Merkers-Kieselbach‚ the Dahlem museum (then in West Berlin)‚ the Egyptian Museum in Charlottenburg and the Altes Museum. It is currently on display
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size. Amenhotep III undertook a massive building of a lake for Tiye‚ which shows he took pride in her. He also built a palace for Tiye at Malkata. Even some monuments indicate Tiye played an important part in Amenhotep’s life. Evidence from the Amarna letters also indicate Tiye played an active role in foreign affairs. Foreign rulers wrote directly to her. “To Tiye‚ Lady of Egypt. Thus speaks Tushratta‚ King of Mitanni. Everything is well with me. May everything be well with you. May everything
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desecration of the inscriptions and temples to the gods Amun and Mut. It was speculated that he changed his name around the time of his fifth or sixth year as pharaoh‚ the same time he constructed a new capitol city‚ changing the city’s name from Amarna to Akhetaten. During his rule as pharaoh‚ the enormous empire his father‚ Amenhotep III‚ built‚ slowly deteriorated around its borders. There were scriptures of conflicts with the Matanni people‚ and on top of that the Hittites were stirring up instability
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When dealing with complex historical topics‚ it is common for historians to develop systems of identity to impart a historical narrative. This system is developed independently from the various groups the historian wishes to discuss. Thus‚ each system of identity is largely alien to the historical group it seeks to describe. While this may seem contradictory to a historian’s effort to impart a sense of validity to their theses‚ it is necessary as a way for the modern reader to identify with the topic
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On December 6‚ 1913‚ a team led by German archaeologist Ludwig Borchardt discovered a sculpture buried upside-down in the sandy rubble on the floor of the excavated workshop of the royal sculptor Thutmose in Amarna. The painted figure featured a slender neck‚ gracefully proportioned face and a curious blue cylindrical headpiece of a style only seen in images of Nefertiti. Borchardt’s team had an agreement to split its artifacts with the Egyptian government‚ so the bust was shipped as part of Germany’s
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