Chemistry Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry Triple Award Revision Guide Topic Introduction to chemistry Atomic Structure Structure and Bonding – Ionic Bonding Structure and Bonding – Covalent and Metallic Bonding Organic Chemistry - Alkanes Organic Chemistry – Alkenes / Addition Polymerisation Organic Chemistry – Alcohols / Condensation Polymerisation Calculations Periodic Table Reactivity Series and Metal Extraction Electrolysis Energetics Acids‚ Bases‚ Salts and Neutralisation Preparing and Analysing
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www.igcse.at.ua ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OIL and its many useful PRODUCTS The origin of oil Crude oil is formed from organic material of the remains of plant and animal organisms that lived millions of years ago. These remains form sediments eg at the bottom of seas‚ and become buried under layers of sedimentary rock. They decay‚ without air (oxygen)‚ under the action of heat and pressure to form crude oil over millions of years. It is a fossil fuel because it is formed from
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Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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carbon-to-carbon bonds are single bonds) or unsaturated (wherein there are one or more carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds). Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkanes while unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkenes and alkynes. The general formula of alkanes‚ alkenes and alkynes are CnH2n+2‚ CnH2n‚ and CnH2n-2‚ respectively. Alkanes‚ alkenes and alkynes can be open-chain (acyclic)‚ cyclic‚ unbranched or branched. Aromatic hydrocarbons are represented by a
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OCR gateway Core C1 revision notes Anything written in purple is for higher tier Exam tips are in red Fossil Fuels 3 types Coal (made from dead plants that lived millions of years ago) Crude oil (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Natural gas (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Key words to learn Non-renewable- fossil fuels are said to be this as we are using them up faster than they can be made Finite- these will run out if we
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N10/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106105 CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Thursday 11 November 2010 (afternoon) Candidate session number 0 1 hour 15 minutes 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. Section B: answer one question from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number
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II CHM096 CHAPTER 1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PART I PREPARED BY SYED ABDUL ILLAH ALYAHYA BIN SYED ABD KADIR 1 TOPICS PART I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and Functional Groups Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Isomerism and Overview of Organic Reaction Alkenes and Alkynes Alkyl Halides 2 TOPIC INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 3 1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and Functional Groups What is Organic Chemistry? • Organic chemistry is a
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NORTHERN CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY‚ CHEMISTRY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LABORATORY MANUAL Instructor: Dr. M. Wilson CHEM401: BIOCHEMISTRY for NURSES Prepared by: Oreane Collins CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REGULATIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Reference: http://www.sciencebyjones.com/safety_rules.htm Thanks to the Flinn Scientific Safety Rules for much of the below. General Guidelines 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times
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Title : Properties of hydrocarbon Objective : 1) To study the properties of hydrocarbons. 2) To determine the unknown samples. Results : Part A : Combustion Compounds Observations Hexane There was orange flame and burned mildly during the burning process. No soots and smoke were produced. C6H14 + 19/2 O2 6CO2 + 7H2O Cyclohexene Orange flame burned vigorously. A small amount of black soot and smoke were produced during the burning process.
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UNIT 1 REVISION CHECKLIST Topic 1.1 Can you a) define atomic number‚ mass number‚ isotopes‚ relative atomic mass‚ relative molecular mass b) remember the four stages in mass spectrometry and explain how each one works c) calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic composition data‚ or from a mass spectrum of an atom d) deduce relative molecular mass from the mass spectrum of a molecule e) Give the electronic configuration of atoms with atomic number 1-36 and of the common ions
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