Cyclic ( Open chain) Alicyclic Aromatic Alkanes Alkenes Alkyne Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes Alkanes:- Paraffins General formula CnH2n+2 sp3 hybridisation C–C bond length 1.15 4 A0 Chemically unreactive Show chain‚ position and optical isomerism. Heptane has 9 isomer‚ Octane 18 and Decane 75. Nomenclature: 164 Preparation:- Wurtz reaction:- Follow mainly free radical mechanism Useful in preparing an alkane containing even number of carbon atoms Stepping
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Hydrocarbons – Methane (Alkanes) Introduction to Hydrocarbons – Methane Carbons have the ability to form many different compounds. Compounds of carbon that only contain carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. Most hydrocarbons naturally occur in the mixture crude oil. There are three main types of hydrocarbons‚ alkanes – saturated hydrocarbons made up of only single bonds‚ alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more double bond/s‚ and alkynes – unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or
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The Leicester School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Life Sciences PHAR1603 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Module Handbook 2014-15 The Leicester School of Pharmacy MPharm (Hons) The Module Team Room Email address Phone (0116 …) Dr G Hall (GH‚ Module Leader) HB2.25n ghall@dmu.ac.uk 257 7278 Dr P Bremner (PB) HB1.03 pbremner@dmu.ac.uk 257 7922 Dr J Dixon HB1.16 jdixon@dmu.ac.uk 207 8117 Prof. Katherine Huddersman (KH) HB2M1 huddzeo1@dmu
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Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. They contain only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds. They are the least reactive of the organic compounds. The main source is crude oil. Hydrocarbon- a compound consisting only of hydrogen and carbon Saturated- Contain single carbon -carbon bonds only Unsaturated-contains a C=C bond Petroleum fraction- mixture of hydrocarbons with a similar chain length and boiling range The general formula for is CnH2n+2 (for ring alkanes is CnH2n)
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Alkanes The reaction between alkanes and fluorine This reaction is explosive even in the cold and dark‚ and you tend to get carbon and hydrogen fluoride produced. It is of no particular interest. For example: The reaction between alkanes and iodine Iodine doesn’t react with the alkanes to any extent - at least‚ under normal lab conditions. The reactions between alkanes and chlorine or bromine There is no reaction in the dark. In the presence of a flame‚ the reactions are
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| | Alkanes: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons (this means that there are NO double bonds in the molecule). They contain Hydrogen and Carbon atoms only. There are an immense number of possibilities. The simplest being methane with just ONE atom of Carbon.You should be able to see ONE atom of Carbon and FOUR atoms of Hydrogen. In ethane there are TWO atoms of Carbon and SIX atoms of Hydrogen. In propane there are THREE atoms of Carbon and EIGHT atoms of Hydrogen. In butane there are FOUR atoms
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would die in seconds. Glucose‚ the most important carbohydrate‚ not only has a carbonyl group but is an aldehyde. Another common carbohydrate is fructose‚ fruit sugar‚ this compound is a ketone. These compounds are more reactive than your typical alkane‚ the question you may ask is why? The answer lies in the location of the electrons in the carbonyl group. First‚ look at the hybridization of a carbonyl carbon. A carbon connected to three other molecules must be doubly bonded to one of those molecules
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Experiment 23: Synthesis of an Alkene April 5‚ 2013 Purpose: Results and Discussion The weight of our n-Butyl Bromide sample (actual yield) was 0.09g. The percent yield was found to be 4.38%. Only 0.09g of the theoretical 2.055g yield was obtained. The boiling point was 104° C‚ which is higher than the literature value of 101° C. This is due to the sample being somewhat impure‚ as impurities tend to increase boiling point. When IR spectroscopy was performed‚ there were no OH stretches
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Experiment #2: Stereochemistry of Alkenes and Molecular Modeling By: Nouhad Mokdad Section: 53 TA’s: Sheida and Ryan Mills Lab Partner: David Wilson Date of Experiment: October 7th‚ 2008 Purpose: The purpose is to study the difference between the stereochemistry of the two isomers‚ maleic and fumaric acid. The first part of the experiment called for the conversion of maleic acid into fumaric acid with the addition of a proton using the acid-catalyzed isomerisation‚ vacuum filtration‚
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Experiment #3 Mark A. Bruder 07. T.A. Michael Hall Alkanes: Chlorination Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the reactivity of hydrogen atoms on a carbon chain using free radical chlorination. In this experiment 1-chlorobutane will be chlorinated with the combination of sulfuryl chloride and ABCN as an initiator to produce the chlorine radicals. The combination of 1-chlorobutane and sulfur chloride will produce four dichlorobutane
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