Chapter 2: Neurons and Glia 1. Introduction * Although there are many neurons in the human brain (about 100 billion)‚ glia outnumbers neurons by tenfold. 1:10 ratio. * Neurons are the most important cells for the unique functions of the brain. * Neurons sense changes in the environment‚ communicate these changes to other neurons‚ and command the body’s responses to these situations. * Glia‚ or glial cells‚ are thought to contribute to brain function mainly by insulating‚
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Acute Inflammation The survival of all organisms requires that they eliminate foreign invaders‚ such as infectious pathogens‚ and damaged tissues. These functions are mediated by a complex host response called inflammation. Definition of inflammation Inflammation is fundamentally a protective response‚ the ultimate goal of which is to rid the organism of both the initial cause of cell injury (e.g.‚ microbes‚ toxins) and the consequences of such injury (e.g.‚ necrotic cells and tissues)
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conformation. true 8 MicroRNAs increase the rate of mRNA translation. false 9 The ability of cells to control their level of gene expression is called gene regulation 10 Some genes such as that for β-actin are expressed at relatively constant levels in tissues regardless of variations in the animal’s condition. What do we call this type of gene? constitutive gene 11 Liver cells‚ mammary cells‚ and skin cells all contain the same genome;
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Introduction: The capacity to perform physical exercise has been of paramount importance in the continuous process of animals’ adaptation to the environment throughout evolution. When challenged with any physical task‚ the human body responds through a series of integrated changes in function that involve most‚ if not all‚ of its physiological systems. Movement requires activation and control of the musculoskeletal system; the cardiovascular and respiratory systems provide the ability to
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A crime scene investigator has a very important job when it comes to a crime scene. Now the purpose of a crime scene investigator is not just limited to homicides‚ sexual assaults‚ armed robberies‚ home invasions and property crimes such as burglaries (feinc.net. n.d.). However‚ most of their time is spent processing crime scene‚ packaging as well as transporting evidence and attending and photographing autopsies (feinc.net. n.d.). They also attend briefings and conferences with any police agencies
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Chapter 1 • Anatomy & Physiology • Gross anatomy – visible to naked eye • Microscopic • Developmental • Pathological anatomy • Radiographic anatomy • Molecular biology • Physiology • Focuses on cellular or molecular level • Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function • A&P are inseparable • Function reflects structure • Specific form • Levels of organization 1. Chemical level 2
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The cell is one of the most basic units of life. There are millions of different types of cells. There are cells that are organisms onto themselves‚ such as microscopic amoeba and bacteria cells. And there are cells that only function when part of a larger organism‚ such as the cells that make up your body. The cell is the smallest unit of life in our bodies. In the body‚ there are brain cells‚ skin cells‚ liver cells‚ stomach cells‚ and the list goes on. All of these cells have unique functions
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its components. Be able to convert between units of measure. 1m=103 mm=106µm =109 nm What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? Name the different types of cytoskeletal fibers. Cell motility‚ cell shape‚ cellular organization; microtubules‚ actin‚ intermediate filaments What is meant by the term ‘model
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Cell Structure and Function Chapter Outline Cell theory Properties common to all cells Cell size and shape – why are cells so small? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Organelles and structure in all eukaryotic cell Organelles in plant cells but not animal Cell junctions History of Cell Theory mid 1600s – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Improved microscope‚ observed many living cells mid 1600s – Robert Hooke Observed many cells including cork cells 1850 – Rudolf Virchow
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1) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains a. changing state‚ within an unlimited range. b. an equilibrium point that can change over a narrow range that is compatible with maintaining life c. an equilibrium change that balances external and internal environment such that values of each are equated 2) Anabolism is the a. breakdown of matter. b. expulsion of matter. c. synthesis of matter. d. All of the answers are correct. 3) The sum
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