Cell Biology Study Guide
Cell Biology (PCB 3023)
Fall 2012
Review for Exam 1
Chapter 1
List the key commonalties and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic – no organelles; no nucleus; bacteria and Achaea; spherical, rodlike/corkscrew-shaped; cell wall;
Eukaryotic – has nucleus; has organelles
Commonalities – contain DNA that stores genetic information What is the main component of cellular membranes? What function(s) do membranes serve in cells? Made of phospholipids; defines volume of cell; isolates the cell from environment; Motility/Morphology; Signal recognition and transduction; transport of small molecules and some ions
Summarize the key structures and functions of the following organelles: nucleus-double membrane (nuclear envelope); outer membrane continuous with the ER; DNA synthesis and repair; transcription; ribosome synthesis endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)-largest amount of membrane; RER-studded with ribosomes; synthesis of membrane bound and exported proteins; SER-synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones; calcium signaling; detoxification reactions
Golgi apparatus-series of membrane stacks; processing and sorting of proteins to cellular compartments including export
Lysosomes-single membrane; interior is pH 5; cellular digestion: autophagy
Peroxisomes-small and spherical; long chain fatty acid oxidation; lipid oxidation; O2 and H2O2 based reactions
Mitochondria-ETC; generation of ATP; oxidation of pyruvate, fatty acids, amino acids; apoptosis; contain own DNA and reproduce dividing in two
Chloroplasts – capture energy from sunlight; found in plants and algae;
Know size ranges for the cell and its components. Be able to convert between units of measure. 1m=103 mm=106µm =109 nm
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? Name the different types of cytoskeletal fibers. Cell motility, cell shape, cellular organization; microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments
What is meant by the term ‘model
Fall 2012
Review for Exam 1
Chapter 1
List the key commonalties and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic – no organelles; no nucleus; bacteria and Achaea; spherical, rodlike/corkscrew-shaped; cell wall;
Eukaryotic – has nucleus; has organelles
Commonalities – contain DNA that stores genetic information What is the main component of cellular membranes? What function(s) do membranes serve in cells? Made of phospholipids; defines volume of cell; isolates the cell from environment; Motility/Morphology; Signal recognition and transduction; transport of small molecules and some ions
Summarize the key structures and functions of the following organelles: nucleus-double membrane (nuclear envelope); outer membrane continuous with the ER; DNA synthesis and repair; transcription; ribosome synthesis endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)-largest amount of membrane; RER-studded with ribosomes; synthesis of membrane bound and exported proteins; SER-synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones; calcium signaling; detoxification reactions
Golgi apparatus-series of membrane stacks; processing and sorting of proteins to cellular compartments including export
Lysosomes-single membrane; interior is pH 5; cellular digestion: autophagy
Peroxisomes-small and spherical; long chain fatty acid oxidation; lipid oxidation; O2 and H2O2 based reactions
Mitochondria-ETC; generation of ATP; oxidation of pyruvate, fatty acids, amino acids; apoptosis; contain own DNA and reproduce dividing in two
Chloroplasts – capture energy from sunlight; found in plants and algae;
Know size ranges for the cell and its components. Be able to convert between units of measure. 1m=103 mm=106µm =109 nm
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? Name the different types of cytoskeletal fibers. Cell motility, cell shape, cellular organization; microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments
What is meant by the term ‘model