How did the world view of medieval Western Europe change to the world view we have now? Who contributed what?
Many scientific discoveries were made over the years. At first they weren’t accepted at all but now they are in medieval Western Europe, everything was based on theology. Many people contributed to the discovery of how the world is today.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Formulates a heliocentric model of the universe
Planets rotate around the sun
Earth is closer to the sun then the stars
Galileo
Found evidence supporting the heliocentric view of the universe
John Ray
Classified animals and plants based on similarities rather than dichotomies
Genus and species taxonomy Develops “species concept”
William Paley
Natural Theology
“The Watchmaker Analogy”
Edward Tyson
1699- The anatomy of a pygmie
Carolus Linnaeus
System of classification using Binomial nomenclature
Systema Nature of the Earth uniformitarianism Baron George Cuvier
Catastrophism
James Hutton
The Theory of the Earth
Uniformatarism – the
Charles Lyell
Principles of Geology provided detailed explanation of uniformitarian theory
Erasmus Darwin
Zoonomia
Jean-Baptiste Lamark
Natural Ambition
Inheritance of Acquired Traits
Transformism
Early Ideas of Adaptation
Darwin
1859 Origin of Species is published
How were fossils understood before extinction and evolution were generally accepted?
Fossils = “Figure stones of God” or “Sports of nature”
What did Darwin learn on the Beagle?
Adaptation
Organisms “fit” their environment
Adaptive Radiation
Temporal Succession
Fossils close in time resemble one anther
Fossils also resemble living forms
Geographic Succession
Gradual variation across space
Island organisms resemble those of the nearest continent
Who directly influenced Darwin?
Thomas Malthus provides Darwin with “competition for survival
How do artificial and natural selection work?
Artificial selection
Selective Breeding
Frequency of traits change in a population
New types are formed
Natural selection
Death is a creative force
“Survival of the Fittest
Fitness: a measure of reproductive success
What was Darwin missing when he was developing natural selection?
Mechanism of inheritance
Mechanism of variability
What are some other mechanisms by which organisms can evolve?
Genetic Drift
Random Effects
Founder Effect
Sexual Selection
Competition for Mates
What is a niche, and how does it related to adaptive radiation?
A niche is the environment. Adaptive radiation is a group of closely related organisms that have evolved morphological and behavioral feature enabling them to exploit different niches.
What makes a mammal a mammal?
Warm blood , hair, and milk.
Teeth
Lower Jaw in Single Bone
Three Ear Ossicles
Secondary Paltae (soft Palate)
Prehensive Lips
Mammary Glands
Hair/ Fur
Advanced Central Nervous System
Placenta
Slow Life History
Novel Bones
Determinant Growth
What makes a primate a primate?
Reduced prognathism
Forward facing eyes
Post-orbital bar/closure
Petrosal auditory bulla
Large brain
Opposable hallux
Nails not claws
Slow life history
What are some limiting factors on a primate’s adaptive profile?
Diet
Activity Pattern
Who are the strepsirrhines and where do they live?
Lemurs, lorises, and galagos
They live in Madagascar, south east asia, and
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