Ap Psychology Memory Essay Example
Cognition: 7A-Memory outline
Memory- Persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.Flashbulb memory: a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.Information processing
Human memory like a computer 1. Get info into our brain –encoding: processing of info into memory system2. Retain info –storage: retention of encoded info over time3. Get it back later –retrieval: process of getting into out of memory storage
Humans store vast amounts of info in long-term memory: relatively permanentand limitless storehouse of the memory system
Short-term memory: activated memory that holds few items briefly; phonenumber just dial
•
The Atkinson-Shiffrin classic three-stage model of memory suggests that we (1)register fleeting sensory memories, some of which are (2) processed into on-screenshort-term memories, a tiny fraction of then are (3) encoded for long-term memoryand possibly later retrieval.
•
The working-memory model includes visual-spatial and auditory subsystems,coordinated by a central executive processor that focuses attention where needed.Encoding: Getting Information In
Automatic processing: unconscious encoding of incidental info; occurs withlittle or no effort, without our awareness, and without interfering with our thinking of other things; space, time, frequency, well-learned info
Effortful processing: encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
After practice, effort processing becomes more automatic
Can boost memory through rehearsal: conscious repetition of info, either tomaintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Next-in-line effect: when people go around circle saying names/words, poorest memories are for name/word person before them said
Information received before sleep is hardly ever remembered areconsciousness fade before processing able
Retain info better when rehearsal distributed over time –phenomenon calledspacing effect: tendency
Memory- Persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.Flashbulb memory: a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.Information processing
Human memory like a computer 1. Get info into our brain –encoding: processing of info into memory system2. Retain info –storage: retention of encoded info over time3. Get it back later –retrieval: process of getting into out of memory storage
Humans store vast amounts of info in long-term memory: relatively permanentand limitless storehouse of the memory system
Short-term memory: activated memory that holds few items briefly; phonenumber just dial
•
The Atkinson-Shiffrin classic three-stage model of memory suggests that we (1)register fleeting sensory memories, some of which are (2) processed into on-screenshort-term memories, a tiny fraction of then are (3) encoded for long-term memoryand possibly later retrieval.
•
The working-memory model includes visual-spatial and auditory subsystems,coordinated by a central executive processor that focuses attention where needed.Encoding: Getting Information In
Automatic processing: unconscious encoding of incidental info; occurs withlittle or no effort, without our awareness, and without interfering with our thinking of other things; space, time, frequency, well-learned info
Effortful processing: encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
After practice, effort processing becomes more automatic
Can boost memory through rehearsal: conscious repetition of info, either tomaintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Next-in-line effect: when people go around circle saying names/words, poorest memories are for name/word person before them said
Information received before sleep is hardly ever remembered areconsciousness fade before processing able
Retain info better when rehearsal distributed over time –phenomenon calledspacing effect: tendency