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Water Pollution in Pakistan

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Water Pollution in Pakistan
A Special Report

Pakistan’s Waters at Risk
Water & Health Related Issues in Pakistan & Key Recommendations

Based on Information/Data drawn from Government Documents and NGOs / IGOs Publications

February 2007
Endorsed by

Report compiled by: Freshwater & Toxics Programme, WWF – Pakistan. Cover page design: Communications Division, WWF – Pakistan. Published 2007 by WWF – Pakistan, Ferozepur Road, Lahore – 54600, Pakistan. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF and its members. Cover photo credits: Freshwater & Toxics Programme, WWF – Pakistan

WATER & HEALTH RELATED ISSUES IN PAKISTAN A SPECIAL REPORT

Table of Contents

Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. 2. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND CURRENT SITUATION / ISSUES OF WATER IN PAKISTAN 2.1 WATER AVAILABILITY 2.2 WATER DEMAND/CONSUMPTION 2.3 WATER QUALITY MAJOR WATER SECTORS IN PAKISTAN 3.1 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 3.2 AGRICULTURE SECTOR 3.3 MUNICIPAL SECTOR WATER QUALITY & HEALTH IMPACTS 4.1 WATER-BORNE DISEASES 4.2 PREVALANCE OF ARSENIC AND FLOURIDE IN DRINKING WATER 4.3 IMPLICATIONS OF HEALTH IMPACTS POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK & ITS IMPLEMENTATION STATUS 5.1 NATIONAL DRINKING WATER POLICY (DRAFT) 5.2 NATIONAL WATER POLICY (DRAFT) 5.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY 2005 5.4 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (PEPA) 1997 5.5 PAKISTAN STANDARDS & QUALITY CONTROL AUTHORITY (PSQCA) 5.6 MID-TERM DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2005 – 2010 EXISTING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO COMBAT WATER POLLUTION 6.1 ENFORCEMENT STATUS CONCLUSIONS, POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD REFERENCES 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 8 8 10 11 11 13 14 14 15 16 16 16 18 20

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ii

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB BOD CDA CDWA CDWI CETPs COD CRCP DALYs DHHS EIA EPA FAO FPCCI GDP GoP HWHF IEEM KITE KWSB MAF MGD MSTQ MTDF NDWP NEP NEQS NGO NIH NWFP NWC NWP OICCI PCRWR PEPA

Asian Development Bank Biological Oxygen Demand Capital Development Authority Clean Drinking Water for All Clean Drinking Water


References: Urban Population (1998 Census) 5,143,495 Total Wastewater Produced (million m3/y) 287 City
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