Use of Celebrities in Endorsements
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Executive
Summary
How Celebrities are Used in
Indian Television Commercials
Varsha Jain, Subhadip Roy, Aarzoo Daswani and Mari Sudha
The usage of celebrities by the Indian advertising agencies has experienced a phenomenal increase in the last five years. Effective communication between the marketer and the consumers is the need of the hour and celebrity endorsement is a strategy that is perceived as making full use of this opportunity. Most of the countries have adopted this strategy as an effective marketing tool and even India is carving out space for itself in this arena.
The present study attempts to meet three objectives:
• to identify the mode/s in which a celebrity is depicted in Indian television commercials
• to ascertain relationship (if any) between the category of product endorsed and the type of celebrity used
• to identify the correspondence between product categories and mode of celebrity presence.
For the first objective of identifying the nature of celebrity portrayal, four modes given by
McCracken (1989) were used:
•
•
•
•
Explicit mode (the celebrity overtly declares the product endorsement)
Implicit mode (physical or verbal communication is used by the celebrity)
Imperative mode (the celebrity suggests the viewers to use the product)
Co-present mode (the celebrity only appears with the product).
For the second and third objectives, cross-tabulated frequency distribution method was used.
Content analysis of Indian television commercials was done for the period 1995-2007. The criterion used for selection of advertisements was the presence of celebrity in any form in the ad. On this basis, 558 television commercials (TVCs) were selected featuring a total of 56 celebrities. The findings of the study indicated that:
KEY WORDS
Celebrity
Executive
Summary
How Celebrities are Used in
Indian Television Commercials
Varsha Jain, Subhadip Roy, Aarzoo Daswani and Mari Sudha
The usage of celebrities by the Indian advertising agencies has experienced a phenomenal increase in the last five years. Effective communication between the marketer and the consumers is the need of the hour and celebrity endorsement is a strategy that is perceived as making full use of this opportunity. Most of the countries have adopted this strategy as an effective marketing tool and even India is carving out space for itself in this arena.
The present study attempts to meet three objectives:
• to identify the mode/s in which a celebrity is depicted in Indian television commercials
• to ascertain relationship (if any) between the category of product endorsed and the type of celebrity used
• to identify the correspondence between product categories and mode of celebrity presence.
For the first objective of identifying the nature of celebrity portrayal, four modes given by
McCracken (1989) were used:
•
•
•
•
Explicit mode (the celebrity overtly declares the product endorsement)
Implicit mode (physical or verbal communication is used by the celebrity)
Imperative mode (the celebrity suggests the viewers to use the product)
Co-present mode (the celebrity only appears with the product).
For the second and third objectives, cross-tabulated frequency distribution method was used.
Content analysis of Indian television commercials was done for the period 1995-2007. The criterion used for selection of advertisements was the presence of celebrity in any form in the ad. On this basis, 558 television commercials (TVCs) were selected featuring a total of 56 celebrities. The findings of the study indicated that:
KEY WORDS
Celebrity
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