Tensile
METU DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING Met E 206 MATERIALS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 1 Prof. Dr. Rıza GÜRBÜZ Res. Assist. Gül ÇEVİK (Room: B-306)
TENSION TEST
INTRODUCTION Mechanical testing plays an important role in evaluating fundamental properties of engineering materials as well as in developing new materials and in controlling the quality of materials for use in design and construction. If a material is to be used as part of an engineering structure that will be subjected to a load, it is important to know that the material is strong enough and rigid enough to withstand the loads that it will experience in service. As a result engineers have developed a number of experimental techniques for mechanical testing of engineering materials subjected to tension, compression, bending or torsion loading. The most common type of test used to measure the mechanical properties of a material is the Tension Test. Tension test is widely used to provide a basic design information on the strength of materials and is an acceptance test for the specification of materials. The major parameters that describe the stress-strain curve obtained during the tension test are the tensile strength (UTS), yield strength or yield point (σy), elastic modulus (E), percent elongation (∆L%) and the reduction in area (RA%). Toughness, Resilience, Poisson’s ratio(ν) can also be found by the use of this testing technique. In this test, a specimen is prepared suitable for gripping into the jaws of the testing machine type that will be used. The specimen used is approximately uniform over a gage length (the length within which elongation measurements are done).
1
Gage length (L0)
do
Tensile specimens (a) rectangular, (b) round
Tensile specimens are machined from the material to be tested in the desired orientation and according to the standards. The cross section of the specimen is usually round, square or rectangular. For metals, a piece of sufficient thickness
TENSION TEST
INTRODUCTION Mechanical testing plays an important role in evaluating fundamental properties of engineering materials as well as in developing new materials and in controlling the quality of materials for use in design and construction. If a material is to be used as part of an engineering structure that will be subjected to a load, it is important to know that the material is strong enough and rigid enough to withstand the loads that it will experience in service. As a result engineers have developed a number of experimental techniques for mechanical testing of engineering materials subjected to tension, compression, bending or torsion loading. The most common type of test used to measure the mechanical properties of a material is the Tension Test. Tension test is widely used to provide a basic design information on the strength of materials and is an acceptance test for the specification of materials. The major parameters that describe the stress-strain curve obtained during the tension test are the tensile strength (UTS), yield strength or yield point (σy), elastic modulus (E), percent elongation (∆L%) and the reduction in area (RA%). Toughness, Resilience, Poisson’s ratio(ν) can also be found by the use of this testing technique. In this test, a specimen is prepared suitable for gripping into the jaws of the testing machine type that will be used. The specimen used is approximately uniform over a gage length (the length within which elongation measurements are done).
1
Gage length (L0)
do
Tensile specimens (a) rectangular, (b) round
Tensile specimens are machined from the material to be tested in the desired orientation and according to the standards. The cross section of the specimen is usually round, square or rectangular. For metals, a piece of sufficient thickness
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