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The Social Benefits of Sport
An Overview to Inform the Community Planning Process

sportscotland Research Report no. 98

Professor Fred Coalter
Institute for Sports Research
University of Stirling

sportscotland v1, January 2005

This research report is one of a series of reports and summary digests available on sportscotland’s website: www.sportscotland.org.uk/ The research section is located at: www.sportscotland.org.uk/ChannelNavigation/Resource+Library/TopicNavigation/Research/ The report will be updated periodically as new information and data become available – updated copies will be flagged with revised dates and version numbers. Professor Coalter has also developed the Value of Sport Monitor available on: www.sportengland.org/vsm/vsm_intro.asp This monitor critically assesses research on the benefits of sport and summaries of key information are added regularly to the website where they are considered to be reliable.

sportscotland
Caledonia House
South Gyle
Edinburgh EH12 9DQ
0131 317 7200 research@sportscotland.org.uk ISBN 1 85060 475 4

2

Contents
Page
4

Introduction

5
5
5

Background
Sport and Community Planning
Sport and the Nature of its Contribution

8
8
12
12
13

Sport, Fitness and Health
A Healthier Nation
The Social Nature of Sport
Sport and Mental Health
Conclusions

15
15
16
17
18

Sport, Young People and Education
Physical Activity, Sport and Academic Achievement
The Importance of Sport
A Step to Employment
Conclusions

19
19
19
19
21
22
23
24

Community Development
Social Capital and Active Citizenship
Sport and Social Participation
Developing Communities
Volunteering in Sport
Supporting and Encouraging Volunteers
Broadening Horizons
Conclusions

25
25
26
27
29
30
31

Youth Crime
Youth Justice Strategy
Diversionary Programmes
Integrated Development Programmes
The Importance of Sports Leadership
Which Types of Sport work Best?



Bibliography: Asquith, S., Buist, M., Loughran, N., MacAuley, C. and Montgomery, M. (1998) Children, Young People and Offending in Scotland: A Research Review, Edinburgh, The Scottish Office Best, J. (1999) Making the Case for the Benefits of Sport: Research Programme Proposal, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Sports Development Board Best, J (2001) paper) Boule, N G, Hadded, E, Kenny G P, Wells, G A and Sigal, R J (2002) ‘Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Cabinet Office (2002) Game Plan: A Strategy for Delivering Government’s Sport and Physical Activity Objectives, London, Cabinet Office. Coalter, F (1988) Sport and Anti-Social Behaviour: A Literature Review, Research Report No. 2, Edinburgh, Scottish Sports Council Coalter, F and Allison, M (1996) Sport and Community Development, (Research Digest no. 42), Edinburgh, Scottish Sports Council Coalter, F, Allison, M and Taylor, J (2000) The Role of Sport in Regenerating Deprived Urban Areas, Edinburgh, Scottish Office Central Research Unit Coalter, F (2002) Sport and Community Development: A Manual, (Research Report no. 86), Edinburgh, sportscotland. Collins, M et al (1999) Sport and Social Inclusion: A Report to the Department Of Culture, Media and Sport, Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University. Coopers and Lybrand (1994) Prince’s Trust Preventative Strategy for Young People in Trouble, London, Council of Europe (2001) European Sports Charter, Brussels, Council of Europe. Crompton, J L (1995) Economic Impact Analysis of Sports Facilities and Events: Eleven Sources of Misapplication, Journal of Sport Management, 9(1), pp14-35 Deane, J (1998) Community Sports Initiatives - An Evaluation of UK Policy Attempts to Involve the Young Unemployed - The 1980’s Action Sport Scheme, In Sport in the City: Conference Eley, D and Kirk, D (2002) ‘Developing Citizenship through Sport: The Impact of a Sport-Based Volunteer Programme on Young Sport Leaders’, Sport, Education and Society, 7 (2), pp151-166. 37 Etnier, J L, Salazar, W, Landers, D M, Petruzzello, S J, Han, M and Nowell, P (1997) “The European Heart Network (1999) Physical activity and cardiovascular disease prevention in the European Union Brussels, European Heart Network Greater Glasgow Health Board (2002) An Evaluation Report of the Glasgow Exercise Referral Scheme (Executive Summary), Glasgow, Greater Glasgow Health Board Health Promotion Department. Available at: www.glasgow.gov.uk/healthycities/ghcp/pdf/exercise_es.pdf Fitzpatrick, S, Hastings, A and Kintrea, K (1998) Including Young People in Urban Regeneration: A Lot to Learn? Bristol, The Policy Press. Available at: www.ehnheart.org/pdf/activity.pdf Forrest, R and Kearns, A (1999) Joined-Up Places?, Social Cohesion and Neighbourhood Regeneration, York, YPS for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation Fox, K (1999) ‘The influence of physical activity on mental well-being.’ Public Health Nutrition, Vol 2 (3a), 411-418 Health Development Agency (2002) Cancer Prevention: A resource to support local action in Available at: www.hda-online.org.uk/html/resources/cancer_prevention/chapter4.html Health Education Authority (1999) Physical Activity and Inequalities: A Briefing Paper, London, Health Education Authority Health Education Board for Scotland (1997) The Promotion of Physical Activity in Scotland Strategic Statement (Revised from 1995), Edinburgh, The Board. Hooper, I (1998) The Value of Sport in Urban Regeneration: A Case Study of Glasgow, Glasgow City Council, Parks and Recreation Department. ILAM (1999) The Contribution of the Arts and Sport to Neighbourhood Renewal and Reducing Social Inclusion, Reading, ILAM. Joint Health Surveys Unit (2002) Scottish Health Survey 1998. A survey carried out on behalf of the Scottish Executive Department of Health Field. London, The National Centre for Social Research and Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL, 2000 Jones, M B and Offord, D R (1989) ‘Reduction of Antisocial Behavior in Poor Children by NonSchool Skill-Development’, Journal of Child Psychology, 30, pp.737-750 King, A C et al (1989) ‘The Influence of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Psychological Health’, Leisure and Environment Protection Department (1999) The Role of Sport in Tackling Social Exclusion, Newport County Borough Council report to Sports Council for Wales Leisure Industries Research Centre (1999a) Major events - the economics - measuring success - a ‘blueprint’ for success, London, UK Sport. 38 Leisure Industries Research Centre (1999b) Major events - the economics - a guide - a Leisure Industries Research Centre (2001) The Economic Importance of Sport in Scotland 1998, Lindner, K J (1999) ‘Sport Participation and Perceived Academic Performance of School

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