speech disorders
Symptom
Stuttering
Cluttering
What gets stuck
Word, sound, syllable
Message
Know what want to say?
Yes
No (or less clear; know but they get derailed in mazes)
Awareness
Typically yes
Yes and No
Rate differences
Can be a secondary strategy (i.e. person who stutters may speak quickly to avoid stuttering), but is not central to stuttering itself
Yes; mandatory for a diagnosis of cluttering (note that rate has to be rapid OR irregular, but does not have to be both)
Disfluences
Mostly stuttering-like disfluencies
(SLDs), such as repetitions, prolongations, blocks
Mostly non-stuttering-like disfluencies
(NSLDs), such as interjections/filler words, phrases repetitions, revisions
Examples of disfluencies:
Repetitions of sounds of syllables: y-y-you wa-wa-watermelon
Prolongations: sssso; thiiiis
Blocks: sound gets stuck and person has difficulty moving forward to next sound: p---eople
Interjections/filler words: um, uh
Phrase repetitions:
I love, I love NSA
Revisions: I would like ice cream, no, please make that a shake
Articulation difficulties
(i.e. difficulties pronouncing sounds in words)
Not in pure stuttering (i.e. stuttering without any additional communication disorders)
May sound “Mushy” and “Slurred”, typically can be corrected by such strategies as slowing rate
Prosody (i.e. the rhythm and melody of one’s speech)
Typically normal
May be impacted; especially by change in pausing related to irregular rate
How it sounds
Repetitions, prolongations, blocks
Rushes of speech; lots of restarts
Affective and cognitive components
Can be
Negative reactions and communication avoidance have been identified by consumers
Pragmatics (i.e. social aspects of language)
Typically okay
A secondary consequence to decreased communication effectiveness; if decreased awareness may be more difficulties here
Stuttering vs. Cluttering
Kathleen
Stuttering
Cluttering
What gets stuck
Word, sound, syllable
Message
Know what want to say?
Yes
No (or less clear; know but they get derailed in mazes)
Awareness
Typically yes
Yes and No
Rate differences
Can be a secondary strategy (i.e. person who stutters may speak quickly to avoid stuttering), but is not central to stuttering itself
Yes; mandatory for a diagnosis of cluttering (note that rate has to be rapid OR irregular, but does not have to be both)
Disfluences
Mostly stuttering-like disfluencies
(SLDs), such as repetitions, prolongations, blocks
Mostly non-stuttering-like disfluencies
(NSLDs), such as interjections/filler words, phrases repetitions, revisions
Examples of disfluencies:
Repetitions of sounds of syllables: y-y-you wa-wa-watermelon
Prolongations: sssso; thiiiis
Blocks: sound gets stuck and person has difficulty moving forward to next sound: p---eople
Interjections/filler words: um, uh
Phrase repetitions:
I love, I love NSA
Revisions: I would like ice cream, no, please make that a shake
Articulation difficulties
(i.e. difficulties pronouncing sounds in words)
Not in pure stuttering (i.e. stuttering without any additional communication disorders)
May sound “Mushy” and “Slurred”, typically can be corrected by such strategies as slowing rate
Prosody (i.e. the rhythm and melody of one’s speech)
Typically normal
May be impacted; especially by change in pausing related to irregular rate
How it sounds
Repetitions, prolongations, blocks
Rushes of speech; lots of restarts
Affective and cognitive components
Can be
Negative reactions and communication avoidance have been identified by consumers
Pragmatics (i.e. social aspects of language)
Typically okay
A secondary consequence to decreased communication effectiveness; if decreased awareness may be more difficulties here
Stuttering vs. Cluttering
Kathleen