For Lee (2011), there is a common-sense assumption, due to media promulgation and massaged statistics, that immigrants, trafficked women and prostitutes are affiliated; this essay will highlight that this rhetoric is nonsensical and, that while migrants and autonomous sex-workers often retain their own agency, trafficked women are owned and dehumanised (George, 2012). Victims are generally the most vulnerable and face degradation and abuse which autonomous sex-workers and migrants may never experience (UNODC, 2013). For Lee (2011) trafficking is a global problem and equates to ‘modern-day slavery’; it is based on greed and its revenue exceeds both illegal drugs and arms trafficking …show more content…
Notwithstanding, smuggling is a migration concern, almost always involves consent and contact usually ceases after transportation. For Bales (1999) trafficking relies on deception, violence and exploitation long after transportation culminates and is a serious Human Rights concern, not least because it defies article 3 of the Human Rights Act: the prohibition of torture and of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishments (justice.org). Solving the ‘problem’ of trafficking is allegedly high on the agenda for many countries yet stopping it altogether is questionable: “Human Trafficking is a complex and hidden crime” and there is “no ‘one size fits all’ solution” (Winterdyk: …show more content…
Goodey (2005) argues that society labels immigrants as ‘outsiders’ and so are ‘undeserving’ victims. For Sivanandan (in Scraton, 2002) following the credence that discrimination against blacks was unacceptable, racism exacerbated into a fear of all foreigners. Authoritarian populism demands strict border-controls and expulsion of ‘illegals’ (op cit) even when they are victims of Human Trafficking (Milmo, 2009). Simultaneously, politicians react in knee-jerk fashions to win votes and popularity; Tony Blair reacted to the publics’ concerns by promising to flout the Human Rights Treaty which states that shelter must be provided to refugees and asylum seekers (Milmo,