Rehabilitation in Correctional Facilities
On any given day there are more than seven million Americans under the supervision of the correctional system which includes approximately 1.5 million offenders who are imprisoned in state and federal institutions, 2.4 million inmates incarcerated in jail, 4.2 million on probation and over 828,000 on parole according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. These statistics are staggering considering according to the U.S. Census the United States population is 307,006,550(U.S. Census 2010). So, that means that approximately for every one hundred people two are incarcerated. Also according to the Disaster Center in 2009 31,916,949 crimes were committed in the United States. The correction facilities that house the offenders have a daunting task of keeping society safe and that entails trying to keep the offenders from re-offending. Correction facilities have primarily four options or theories on how to obtain and complete this task. The four theories are deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restorative justice. In the early 1900’s rehabilitation had emerged as the primary theory of corrections and shaped every aspect of correctional policy and practice. Then in the 1960’s and 1970’s rehabilitation was attacked for not having evidentiary standing and in the resulting turmoil came about the other theories of deterrence, incapacitation and restorative justice. Rehabilitation though was unjustly thrown aside and said not to have evidentiary merit and yielded no results in reforming offenders so that they would not re-offend, but the opposite is true. Rehabilitation has been shown to help offenders to not re-offend where as the other theories have shown to have little to no effect on the reoccurring crime rate and some in fact have been shown to have the opposite effect in increasing the reoccurring crime rate. One of the theories adopted was deterrence. Deterrence is the concept adopted by putting fear into people that the costs of the consequences
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