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A PSYCHOBIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF HELEN KELLER

by Désirée Martina van Genechten

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER ARTIUM

In the Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

November 2009

Supervisor: Prof. Christopher Norman Hoelson

DECLARATION:

I, Desiree Martina van Genechten, hereby declare that this treatise is my own work and that it has not previously been submitted for assessment to another university or for another qualification.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The completion of this treatise bears witness to the encouragement, support and guidance of many individuals. It is with sincere gratitude that I thank: • • • My late parents for instilling a belief in my abilities, despite my disability Friends and family for your enduring encouragement and support All those who have fulfilled the function of my eyes in the process of this work, especially Candice, Dominique, Jeanne, Nompumelelo and Wilma • Dr Roelf van Niekerk for the solid foundation laid in psychobiographical research • Prof. Chris Hoelson for your keen interest, dependable support and valuable supervision • Candice Platt for your encouragement and dedication.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.1.4. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. General Orientation to the Research Study Contextualisation Aim of this Study Overview of the Psychobiographical Approach Overview of the Theoretical Framework Research Subject Sources of Data Structural Overview of the Treatise Conclusion 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 page ii iii vii

CHAPTER TWO A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOBIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH 2.1. 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.2.1. 2.2.2.2. 2.2.2.3. 2.2.2.4. 2.2.2.5. 2.2.2.6. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.5.4. 2.5.5. Research Paradigms The Hypothetico-deductive Model Phenomenological Models Psychobiographical Research Description and Definition of



References: Aiken, L. R. (2002). Psychological testing and assessment (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Alexander, I. E. (1988). Personality, psychological assessment and psychobiography. Journal of Personality, 56(1), 265-294. Alexander, I. E. (1990). Personology: Method and content in personality assessment and psychobiography. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Alfred Adler (2009). Retrieved September 14, 2009, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/6042/Alfred-Adler American Foundation for the Blind Anderson, G. (1990). Fundamentals of educational research. London: The Falmer Press. Anderson, J. W. (1981a). The methodology of psychological biography. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xi(3), 455-475. Anderson, J. W. (1981b). Psychobiographical methodology: The case of William James. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology Journal, (vol 2, pp. 245-272). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Banister, P., Burman, E., Parker, I., Taylor, M., & Tindall, C. (1999). Qualitative methods in psychology: A research guide. Buckingham: Open University Press. Bareira, L. D. (2001). The life of Helen Martins, creator of the owl house: A psychobiographical study. Unpublished master’s treatise, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Berger, J. (Ed.). (2004). Helen Keller: The story of my life. New York: Modern Library. Braddy-Henney, N. (1956). Foreword. In H. Keller, Teacher, Anne Sullivan Macy: A tribute by the foster-child of her mind (pp. iv-xi). London: Gallant. Bromley, D. (1986). The case-study method in psychology and related disciplines. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Carlson, R. (1988). Exemplary lives: The use of psychobiography for theory development. Journal of Personality, 56(1), 265-294. Davis, J. (2003). Helen Keller. New York: Ocean. Durrheim, K., & Painter, D. (2006). Collecting quantitative data: Sampling and measuring. In M. Terre Blanche, K. Durrheim, & D. Painter, (Eds.), Research in practice (2nd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press. Edwards, D. (1990). Case study research method: A theoretical introduction and practical manual. Unpublished manuscript, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. Edwards, D. J. A. (1998). Types of case study work: A conceptual framework for case-based research. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38, 36-70. Elms, A. (1994). Uncovering lives: The uneasy alliance of biography and psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. Foner, E. (1994). Slavery and freedom in nineteenth-century America. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Green, S. (2006). Karen Horney: A psychobiographical study. Unpublished master’s treatise, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. Herrmann, D. (2007). Helen Keller: A life. Chicago: University Press. Howe, M. (1997). Beyond psychobiography: Toward more effective synthesis of psychology and biography. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 235-248. Jacobs, A. (2004). Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven: A psychobiographical study. Unpublished master’s treatise. University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Josselson, R., & Lieblich, A. (Eds.). (1993). The narrative study of lives. London: Sage. Keller, H. (1903). Optimism. Retrieved August 24, 2009, from http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=1&TopicID=193&SubTopic ID=22&DocumentID=1208&Mode=Print Keller, H Kelly, K. (2006a). From encounter to text: Collecting data in qualitative research. In M. Terre Blanche, K. Durrheim & D. Painter, (Eds.), Research in practice (2nd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press. Kleege, G. (2006). Blind rage: Letters to Helen Keller. Washington, DC: Gallauder University Press. Levinson, D. J. (1996). The seasons of a woman’s life. New York: Ballantine Books. Levinson, D. J., Darrow, C. N., Klein, E. B., Levinson, M. H., & McKee, B. (1978). The seasons of a man’s life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Lindegger, G. (2006). Research methods in clinical research. In M. Terre Blanche, K. Durrheim, & D. Painter (Eds.), Research in practice (2nd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press. McAdams, D. P. (1988). Biography, narrative and lives: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 56(1), 1-18. McAdams, D. P. (1994). The person: An introduction to personality psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace. McLeod, J. (1994). Doing counselling research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Neuman, W. L. (2006). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson International. Roberts, B. (2002). Biographical research. Buckingham: Open University Press.

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