Mass transfer and separation process
Principles of
Mass Transferand Separation Processes
Binay K. Dutta
Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Malaysia
New Delhi-110001
2009
PRINCIPLES OF MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION PROCESSES Binay K. Dutta
© 2007 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Cover photo — Courtesy: Haldia Petrochemicals Limited ISBN-978-81-203-2990-4
The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Third Printing ººº November, 2009
Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001 and Printed by Rajkamal
Electric Press, Plot No. 2, Phase IV, HSIDC, Kundli-131028, Sonepat, Haryana.
To the memory of
My parents Gouri Dutta and Baneswar Dutta and
My father-in-law Debabrata Majumder
Contents
Preface xi
1. INTRODUCTION 1– 6 References 6
2. MOLECULAR DIFFUSION 7–73 2.1 Concentration, Velocity and Flux 8
2.2 Fick’s Law 11
2.3 Steady State Molecular Diffusion through a Constant Area in a Binary
Gas Mixture 14
2.4 Multicomponent Diffusion 30
2.5 Gas-Phase Diffusion Coefficient: Measurement and Prediction 36
2.6 Molecular Diffusion in Liquids 42
2.7 Diffusion through a Variable Area 48
2.8 Knudsen Diffusion, Surface Diffusion and Self-Diffusion 57
2.9 Applications of the Principles of Molecular Diffusion 59
Notations 59
Short and Multiple Choice Questions 60
Problems 64
References 72
3. CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER AND MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT 74–121 3.1 The
Mass Transfer Coefficient 76
3.2 Types of Mass Transfer Coefficients 77
3.3 Dimensionless Groups in Mass Transfer 82
3.4 Correlations for the Convective Mass Transfer Coefficient 85
3.5 Turbulent or Eddy Diffusion 89
3.6 The Wetted-Wall Column 91
3.7 Theories of Mass Transfer 91
3.8 Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer Analogies 102 v vi Contents
Notations 106
Short and
Mass Transferand Separation Processes
Binay K. Dutta
Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Malaysia
New Delhi-110001
2009
PRINCIPLES OF MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION PROCESSES Binay K. Dutta
© 2007 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Cover photo — Courtesy: Haldia Petrochemicals Limited ISBN-978-81-203-2990-4
The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Third Printing ººº November, 2009
Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001 and Printed by Rajkamal
Electric Press, Plot No. 2, Phase IV, HSIDC, Kundli-131028, Sonepat, Haryana.
To the memory of
My parents Gouri Dutta and Baneswar Dutta and
My father-in-law Debabrata Majumder
Contents
Preface xi
1. INTRODUCTION 1– 6 References 6
2. MOLECULAR DIFFUSION 7–73 2.1 Concentration, Velocity and Flux 8
2.2 Fick’s Law 11
2.3 Steady State Molecular Diffusion through a Constant Area in a Binary
Gas Mixture 14
2.4 Multicomponent Diffusion 30
2.5 Gas-Phase Diffusion Coefficient: Measurement and Prediction 36
2.6 Molecular Diffusion in Liquids 42
2.7 Diffusion through a Variable Area 48
2.8 Knudsen Diffusion, Surface Diffusion and Self-Diffusion 57
2.9 Applications of the Principles of Molecular Diffusion 59
Notations 59
Short and Multiple Choice Questions 60
Problems 64
References 72
3. CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER AND MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT 74–121 3.1 The
Mass Transfer Coefficient 76
3.2 Types of Mass Transfer Coefficients 77
3.3 Dimensionless Groups in Mass Transfer 82
3.4 Correlations for the Convective Mass Transfer Coefficient 85
3.5 Turbulent or Eddy Diffusion 89
3.6 The Wetted-Wall Column 91
3.7 Theories of Mass Transfer 91
3.8 Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer Analogies 102 v vi Contents
Notations 106
Short and
References: Fabrication, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993. Myers, G.E., Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971. Vergnaud, J.M., Liquid Transport Processes in Polymeric Materials, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1991. Wellek, F.M. et al., Can. J. Chem. Engg., 56(1978) 181. Westerterp, K.R. et al., Chemical Reactor Design and Operation, Wiley, New York, 1984. Wise, D.L., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology, Marcel Dekker, Boston, 2000. ai and bi being the van der Waals constants for the pure component i. A few other mixing rules have been described by Muhlbauer and Raal (1995) and by Prausnitz et al Table A.1 Common equations of state (Seader and Henley, 2006) Equation Adjustable parameters Ideal gas law