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11-1 The precursors of today’s engineers listed in the quotation from Wickenden had no classes and few or no books from which to learn scientific principles. How can you explain their success?

William Wickenden remarks were direct to the facts that the first engineers were self though, geniuses in nature and well skill in technical aspects. Even without the formal scientific education they were able to engineer master creation such as the Roma’s aqueducts and others. Their success came from the ability of observation and trial and error and a hands-on in the manufacturing process of the era.
1-2. Compare how well engineering and management satisfy the several parts of the definition of a profession.

The engineering profession involves the application of science and mathematics, practical training, experience and work-study to satisfy the human necessities. The management profession involve the way personnel are directed to a specific task or training. The Engineering management profession combine both resulting in a profession that is oriented to brings together the technological problem-solving savvy of engineering and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities.
1-3. Why is it so difficult to answer the simple question “How many engineers are there in the
United States?” Is the question “How many physicians are there in the United States?” any?
Easier?

We can do an approximation of the engineer using the university graduation rate but due the long list of engineering field that doesn’t require state registration as a professional engineer is difficult establish the total engineering working force in the US. Contrary to the engineers the physician need to be register in the state that they are working and for that reason is easier to account for all physicians.

1-4. Comment on the sensitivity of U.S. engineering employment to a major change in the
Department of Defense budget. What types of engineers would be

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