Now days, Trademark and copyright infringement are becoming increasingly common in the world. And due to the difficulty to catch direct infringers who sell counterfeit or other infringing products on the internet, as they can easily mask their identities and avoid liabilities by shutting down and reopen under different domain name. So the intellectual property owners have turned to enforce their trademark and copyrights against internet-based infringers, and try to impose liabilities on parties that have some involvement in counterfeit or infringing product transactions rather than imposing liabilities on the direct infringers. Search engines, auction sites that facilitate transactions involving infringing products, and credit card companies involved processing payments for such products, can be considered as examples of these parties. (McCue, 2012)
Louis Vuitton Malletier, S.A. vs. Akanoc Solutions, Inc case may provide contributory trademark infringement, counterfeiting and copyright infringement example.
Louis Vuitton, an international French fashion house and luxury brand, sued Akanoc, a California-based internet service provider, for hosting