Immune System Case Study
A. Case Study 1-At Risk for HIV Disease-
Answer all 7 questions after reading and reviewing the case studies and looking up key concepts and terms. 1. E.M. has gonorrhea. Why should you be concerned about the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases?
Because of his sexual history and contraction of an STD, this suggests that he doesn’t use protection and therefore he is at risk for contracting HIV and then passing it on to others because it can be transmitted within a few days after becoming infected. 2. Ask a classmate to be E.M. and role play a session for HIV risk assessment and risk-reduction counseling
Role play 3. Why should E.M. be encouraged to be tested for HIV
He should be encouraged because of how serious an HIV infection is. Also, if he is positive, the sooner he is diagnosed, the sooner he can receive treatment and promote health and limit disability. Also, of those that are infected, many don’t know they are infected and can pass it to others. 4. What does E.M. need to know about the HIV testing process? What are the advantages of rapid testing? What are the barriers to rapid testing? * Blood is drawn to detect HIV antigens; If it is negative, he should be retested in 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months because of delayed antibody detection. If it is positive, the test is repeated. If it is positive again, they do a Western blot or immunofluorescence assay and then if all are positive, the patient is reported as HIV antibody positive. * Rapid testing results are highly accurate, done in a variety of settings and can be reported in 20 minutes * Rapid tests test for antibodies and not for antigen. Rapid tests are more expensive, have a short shelf life, sites must qualify for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waiver and ensure training
5. Priority Decision: what are the main considerations to cover when teaching about barrier methods of protection? Are there components of Hispanic culture that may
Answer all 7 questions after reading and reviewing the case studies and looking up key concepts and terms. 1. E.M. has gonorrhea. Why should you be concerned about the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases?
Because of his sexual history and contraction of an STD, this suggests that he doesn’t use protection and therefore he is at risk for contracting HIV and then passing it on to others because it can be transmitted within a few days after becoming infected. 2. Ask a classmate to be E.M. and role play a session for HIV risk assessment and risk-reduction counseling
Role play 3. Why should E.M. be encouraged to be tested for HIV
He should be encouraged because of how serious an HIV infection is. Also, if he is positive, the sooner he is diagnosed, the sooner he can receive treatment and promote health and limit disability. Also, of those that are infected, many don’t know they are infected and can pass it to others. 4. What does E.M. need to know about the HIV testing process? What are the advantages of rapid testing? What are the barriers to rapid testing? * Blood is drawn to detect HIV antigens; If it is negative, he should be retested in 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months because of delayed antibody detection. If it is positive, the test is repeated. If it is positive again, they do a Western blot or immunofluorescence assay and then if all are positive, the patient is reported as HIV antibody positive. * Rapid testing results are highly accurate, done in a variety of settings and can be reported in 20 minutes * Rapid tests test for antibodies and not for antigen. Rapid tests are more expensive, have a short shelf life, sites must qualify for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waiver and ensure training
5. Priority Decision: what are the main considerations to cover when teaching about barrier methods of protection? Are there components of Hispanic culture that may