P.21: It was widely believed among religious figures of the Church that the creation of the papacy was a divine creation. For this reason they believed that adding or changing any of the dogmas that were the basis of the papacy was heresy. They made it a priority to keep the beliefs of the Church intact.…
How important were the German princes in creating the atmosphere within which Lutheranism was successful?…
Pope Gregory was born as Hildebrand in 1025, to an upper class family in southern Tuscany. He adopted the name Gregory in memory of Gregory I after his election as pope in 1073. He became convinced that the pope was the living successor of St. Peter. Because of this connection, the pope, and he alone, would always remain a true Christian, never deviating from the faith and always aware of the will of God. Therefore, all Christians owed him absolute and unquestioned obedience. Disobedience was regarded as heresy, and obedience to God became obedience to the papacy. Gregory VII had a good understanding of political realities and was always willing to take them into account, provided they fit in with his own reform efforts. The most successful example of the use of feudal arrangements by the papacy was the alliance with…
During the Middle Ages the struggle of power between the monarchy and the church was an ongoing battle from the time of Charlemagne until the time of the Renaissance. I believe the Pope or high up church officials had more power over the king and in the eyes of the people.…
The conflict between the secular leader and the spiritual leader emerged from the church’s desire to get power to invest Church officials. It was a conflict between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor because both leaders desired to appoint the Church officials. It was just like a war over getting power for investiture. The emperors thought that they were secular and had the authority to do that, but papacy’s understanding did not like it. The main conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV occurred in the 11th century. The pope St. Gregory VII looked a strongest reformer, was elected in 1073, and had a viewpoint that Papacy was spiritual and it must be over the empire. The Pope Gregory VII had some reforms called Gregorian reforms, such…
A letter written to the king by Robert Aske (doc 5) shows the grievance they want addressed. One of these demands are for the supreme head of the church to be the pope. This is an issue with the King because the pope would not grant him a divorce, therefore the pope cannot be head of the church. By understanding this document we know the problems that Robert Aske had with the king.…
It is important however to remember that the pope had never had much direct political power in England. He had no army and no proper tax base therefore he could not invade except through an alliance with secular allies. Indeed he blocked Henry 's dispensation to divorce Catherine of Aragon, but a king who was less worried about his soul and his wife’s nephew, the emperor, invading would probably just have ignored his commands. The king had also always had lots of power over the church. Political partnerships between kings, their bishops and abbots had always been a feature of the church, and this war true throughout the period 1485-1529. Henry VII enjoyed a very close relationship with the church through Cardinal John Morton, who was not only Archbishop of Canterbury but enjoyed secular power too as Lord Chancellor. Bishop Richard Foxe was also important to Henry Tudor and these senior figures of the clergy helped Henry develop his tax policies, while at the same time, Benefit of Clergy and other privileges of the church were untouched by the king. This close relationship between church and crown continued for the first twenty years of Henry CIII’s reign, as demonstrated by his long reliance and trust for Cardinal…
If the cliché of “a picture is worth a thousand words” is true, then artists are faced with a predicament of creating a picture that exemplifies the right thousand words. Artists such as the anonymous artist who created “The Page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples” are valuable to authors of sorts to communicate to the audience visually. Whether it is to be communicated to young children, the public, or college students, a visual representation should stimulate a story in the mind of the viewer. The relationship between word and image is a major area of study in the discipline of art history. Through the analysis of a painting in the Gospels of Otto III, “Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples” I will compare and evaluate the similarities between these two forms.…
English and French kings used common tactics in order to increase their standing in the world. The Church in the Medieval world was the most influential power in Europe, to gain the backing of its leader, the pope, was an incredible boon for a kingdom. King William of England, and King Louis IX, were two powerful kings who took advantage of the pope’s backing. The descendants of these powerful kings would come to…
This began a two century struggle between popes and emperors. The first part of the struggle is called the “Investiture Controversy” which lasted between 1070 to 1125. This conflict was saw both anti-popes rise and fake emperors talk false claims of legitimacy. The second phase came as the Homenstaufen family, having defeated during the Investiture Controversy, tried to re-instate the faltering empire as a secular, feudal state. In this conflict, the word “holy” was placed in the name of the empire to separate the Empire and the Papacy. The emperors believed the Empire was inheritably sacred and did not need the Pope’s blessing to the Empire. The emperors also still believed Italy was in the Empire, which in turn saw the opposition of the Papal States. After the death of Emperor Frederick II in 1250, the Holy Roman Empire was in complete ruin. The emperors held any local authority if that. The empire would not rise up any more times after that. It was no longer a single “state” but a touchy alliance between princes under a powerless Emperor. “Of the German Nation” was added during the late 14th Century when all of Italy and the rest of Europe were out of the Empire’s…
Inversely, the effects seen on religious groups and cities allow for the change into to current state of the Christian Church, Islamic religion, and the Holy Land itself. Impacted by the Crusades, the Christian Catholic Church witnessed the temporary power of the papacy and wealth of the Church, while allowing unbiblical doctrines to seep into practices of the Church. As the need and interest for the Crusades grew, likewise, the head of command for the Crusade, the papacy also grew in power. Looked up to by the peasants and volunteers for the holy war cause, as Bollinger notes, “they [the papacy] were able to extend their powers in both secular and sacred matters” (200). Similar to years before with the European kings, the papacy readily went…
The first “Holy Roman Emperor” was Charlemagne although he was originally crowned as “Emperor of the Romans” before the Roman Empire fell. He was dubbed “Holy Roman Emperor” after the Holy Roman Empire rose. The Roman Catholic Church was one of the sole central and unifying establishments in the Roman Empire and later in the Holy Roman Empire. This allowed The Church to establish authority over all the…
The Church was extremely respected making them more powerful than the kings. The Pope and bishops were thought to be close to…
Throughout history, kings and popes around the world have fought back and forth, both aiming to receive a majority of power from the people. Over the course of history, the Church has gone from being extremely powerful the point where famous world leaders are excommunicated by the Pope to being very powerless and unorganized to the point where the Church gets taken over by French leaders and moved to different locations. The pope is the most powerful leader amongst the people of the church. Therefore, kings can get out of hand when it comes to gaining power. Kings will do to get to the top even if it takes slapping a pope in the face!…
Once the protestant reformation started and warfare had been happening. The declines of popes had begun to start.…