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Han dynasty and Mauryan/Gupta empires developed in roughly the same time frame and overlapped in the years 320 B.C.E. - 220 C.E. developing in different parts of the globes with their own unique geographies. Both the Han and Mauryan/Gupta empires developed bureaucratic governments that were ruled by kings, but due to the different geographical regions, India’s government was fragmented into local governments. The Han Dynasty of China was structured off of a social philosophy while Mauryan/Gupta India followed a religion which united the subcontinent. The Han and Mauryan/Gupta empires also both developed agrarian economies although their view on the merchant class were nearly opposite.…
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Gupta India (320 B.C.E-550 C.E.) and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.) both had very distinctive methods of political control based on everything from cultural reasons to geographic limitations. Many factors were present affecting the similarities and differences between the two.…
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The social aspects of both empires had a lot in common because gender-roles, family and relationships were looked at in the same way. During the Mauryan/Gupta as well as the Han Dynasty, women were subservient to men and families relied on patriarchs. In both empires there were close knit villages, landowners had power and merchants took second role in the social system. However, the two had their differences. The Mauryan/Gupta Empire put emphasis on caste while the Han Dynasty was based on a social structure. The Mauryan/Gupta Empire’s caste system was an important social bond and a crucial part of the political structure. At the top of the system were the priests, then the warriors and rulers, followed by the merchants, skilled traders and minor officials, after that were the unskilled workers and finally the “untouchables”, who were outcastes and barely considered as people. The strict caste system provided a network of rules by which people could regulate their lives and activities and also promoted public order which helped politically. The caste system was so strictly enforced that no one could intermarry or be moved up a class so it determined where you would be for all your life. The caste system also played a role in religion which encouraged the use of a caste system rather than people look down upon it. On the other hand, the Han Dynasty relied on a highly structured system of classes. The most powerful was the emperor, the nobles and the military officers, who made up the first class. Next came the farmers and peasants who made up the second tier. Lastly, the third class was made up of merchants, commoners and servants. This system…
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Imperial Rome and Han China had many differences involving religion, technology, and women in society, but the similarities in these three subjects outnumber the amount of differences. Women in Rome and China had many of the same responsibilities. Technology in China was more advanced, but Rome was on top of advancing the field of architecture. Religion allowed these two empires to be alike but also different over the course of their reign. Differences make an empire unique, but similarities connect empires throughout the world.…
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Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires 1. both empires defined themselves in universal terms 2. both invested heavily in public works 3. both claimed supernatural sanctions a. deceased Roman emperors as gods (imperial cult) i. persecution of Christians for nonparticipation in cult b. Chinese emperor as Son of Heaven i. rule by Mandate of Heaven ii. dependent on just rule iii. heavy ritual duties to maintain relationship between earth and heaven iv. moral government spelled out by writings of Confucius and his followers The Han Dynasty was heir to the Qin state that had unified China in 221 BCE. The first ruler of the Qin established the title of “emperor.” The power of a Chinese emperor was absolute; however, he was subject to various checks on his authority by both high officials and imperial family members. The Romans practiced emperor worship solely in the case of dead emperors. In addition, only certain emperors were accorded divine honors, and always after death. In other parts of the Empire, however, local customs merged with Roman ones. In Egypt, for instance, emperor worship was practiced more widely. This was because the Roman office of emperor combined with the Egyptian notion as Pharaohas-sun-god. Chinese emperors were not considered divine beings. The emperor was called the “Son of Heaven” and was responsible for conducting sacrifices to both Heaven and Earth. The word “Heaven” referred more or less to what we would call “nature”: the succession of day and night, and the motions of the stars and planets. During the first millennium BCE, the concept of the “Mandate of Heaven” was applied. If an emperor oppressed the people, Heaven could withdraw a dynasty’s right to govern.…
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When analyzing cultural traditions and innovations, economic relationships, and social classifications and expectations during/between the periods of classical China and classical India. Classical China lasted from 2000 B.C.E - 600 C.E, while classical India lasted from 600 B.C.E – 600 C.E. There are quite a few similarities and differences between these two civilizations. With regards to cultural traditions and innovations both developed similar technologies in their period. Spoken language was introduced in China during the Zhou Dynasty. Also in India, Sanskrit was the language of educated people.. India and China were similar as agricultural societies. Both civilizations relied on a large peasant class, organized in tight villages with much mutual cooperation. Both societies had a caste system where the citizens were ranked. This caste system organized into special groups that determined everything from your job, to your political rights, to your religious beliefs, and who you would marry. Lastly, social classifications and expectations played a big role in China and India, and how they treated women. China and India differed in their treatment because in India (patriarchal society), women were to treat men almost as Gods. In China, Confucianism had important implications for women, recommending their good treatment, but in the context they were still inferior to men.…
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Both China and India had distinct differences that, in dissimilar aspects, unified them as a people. One of the main differences between the Han dynasty and the Gupta Empire is the concept of their contrasting views of religion. While the Gupta ultimately settled on a primary religion, the Han opted for separate religious philosophical systems that would serve the needs of others differently. Another factor that portrays the difference between the two Empires was China’s political structures and values compared to that of India’s. There was a dynastic cycle, the dynasties would rise and fall, and be taken over by a new person. India went back to independent city states when a ruler fell. China was generally able to be re-united through a ruler, however, India was not. Quite frankly in the Classical era, the Gupta Empire and Han Dynasty created vastly different cultures due to their surrounding influences.…
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Though they had some different qualities, Classical China and India were very similar. The complexities of both India and China’s social hierarchy systems were very different. However their religious views and ideas were similar, and they both began to decline but were able to recover and maintain stability.…
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Classical China and Classical India have many similarities, but some ideas like politics and the social classes can differ from one or another. Politics was a way on how these classical civilizations had a government and what made the government had power to lead their civilization. Social class was a way to put people in ranks which was also a way for the different types of jobs they did. Politics also goes with social class since it showed that only certain types of people could be in the government.…
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In terms of politics, Chinese society was highly structured under the Han Dynasty. At the top was the emperor, who was believed to be the link between heaven and earth. Next came governors and kings, who were both directly appointed by the emperor. Then came state officials, nobles, and scholars. Below them, there were peasants, artisans and merchants. At the bottom were soldiers and slaves.…
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Immediately after the Classical Era of World History, the period that came along was the Postclassical Period. This period, within the year 500 CE and 1450 CE, was built up by “third-wave civilizations”. In other words, it was built up by large empires characterized by constant patterns of change, trade, and considerable changes in technologies. In 1492 CE these civilizations got global, meaning that the interactions among these different societies stopped being regional. Two empires who were very important during the Postclassical Period were the Byzantine Empire and China. Geographically these civilizations were far apart, but as they developed, they became two of the most influential empires of the time. Also, as they developed they showed patterns of change among themselves but which showed similarities as well as differences among the two. The Byzantine and Chines Empire were similar in economic aspects as both were huge centers of trade and promoted new technologies such as banking for the sake of good trade. These two empires were different regarding changes in their religion as the Chinese Empire became a cosmopolitan society letting Buddhism penetrate their empire and the Byzantines continued through the thread of Christianity. Furthermore, these empires differed when looking the way of government each society implemented such as scholar bureaucracies in China and caesaropapism in the Byzantine Empire.…
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The hierarchy of ancient China and India were similar with a noticeable sign of select individuals being considered “higher” then others. The caste system was strict in India and prohibited other classes from interacting with each other. China’s social system differed from India’s caste system, by not demonstrating a formal and strict social ladder. Where in India there existed over three hundred subcastes at one point, China had a simple three caste social ladder. Although the Chinese did not have as strong of a social ladder, there still existed “higher” people such as the bureaucrats. Bureaucrats and landowners were considered to be of a higher class then peasants, farmers, and merchants. Patriarchy was a very big factor in culture and social order in China and India. India’s strict caste system led to a more “flexible” and popular religion known as Hinduism. Many Indians preferred this religion over Buddhism, which the Chinese practiced, because the brahmans or priests strongly influenced the population. Brahmans and many other Indians did not like the idea of any being of any caste level achieving “peace” by their efforts, which Buddhism taught. The Chinese believed in Buddhism and reaching nirvana by finding peace within. A major difference between Indian and Chinese culture was that Indians lived to die and reincarnate to a better caste level and eventually reaching the gods, whereas the Chinese lived a good life with no rituals necessary to find nirvana. Although the Chinese and Indian culture was very different, both races strived and lived in balance to find their gift in the afterlife. A major difference between the Chinese and Indian culture was that…
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Hinduism and Buddhist belief systems changed China and South East Asia. China's religion of Confucianism focused on filial piety and obedience. Hinduism and Buddhism refuted and chanllenged Confucian belief systems because Buddhist monks were encouraged to go to a remote place to live and worship, terminating obedience to your family. Hinduism had a belief in many gods, therefore presenting the idea of omniscient gods to the Chinese people instead of the nature and folk gods. In China, this led to the downfall of Confucianism since it was so demanding compared to Buddhism and Hinduism. Social classes in both China and South East Asia wre made stricter by Hinduism's caste system. When Buddhism travelled to South East Asia, it often replaced the native religion. Hinduist religious belief system made Majahpahit prosperous and wealthy by encouraging trade with other nations. Buddhism and Hinduism changed South East Asia's architectual designs by building temples throughout the land, and the temples also created more followers for…
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A key aspect in the Analects as well as being one of the most important aspects in Chinese culture is filial piety. Confucius focuses on how one should love and respect their parents, elders and ancestors and do as they are told to do. However, at the time this was…
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