Regarding to our meeting dated July 30, 1993; WestBan Construction Limited needs City’s approval for extra time and cost to precede with additional scope of the construction work (changing slope in North and East banks, adding required shoring for stabilizing the soil, leaving shoring in the ground, pouring tank concrete walls instead of shotcrete), according to the option B for both North and East Slopes (Attachment F2), the chosen schemes for slope remedies are attached in this document.…
Throughout history pavement has been changed to help society better use roads. Originally, the Romans had used a military road system to help defeat their enemies. These military road systems weren’t efficient to build, they required lots of physical labor and cost roughly $2,000,000 per km. In the 1800’s, Telford came up with the idea to create relatively flat roads in three layers to reduce the amount of horses needed to haul objects. The top two layers consisted of stones and the lowest layer consisted of large stones, Telford’s unique design. Around the same time, Macadam began using angular aggregate and slopped subgrade to improve drainage on the roads. Macadam’s model for pavement became so common that by 1850 over 2,200 km of macadam…
construction aggregates (sand and gravel for making concrete) were delivered and positioned in the two…
site A and site B in Figure 13 : Location Plan Portreath are both located in the national grid reference of SW 65074, 45351. Both these sites will use the Battery Hill road as their primary access road to get all the necessary plant, material and labour to the main construction site. Site B does not require any additional temporary road construction to support access to the main site from the bridleway and battery hill road. Whereas due to close proximity of the neighbouring properties and site A’s location, the access road will be long and circumferencing the neighbours and national rail properties.…
Spring and summer are usually pleasant seasons in Connecticut. Winter's freezing temperatures give way to balmy days and an occasional thunderstorm. It is the time of year when many people begin spending a great deal of time outdoors pursuing various recreational activities. Those who own a dog often take their beloved pets with them under the assumption that the activity will be just as much fun for their dogs as it is for them. However, if you are attending or participating in an event that will require your dog to walk on asphalt pavement, you might want to leave Fido at home.…
| |upto 19th slab (Subject to obtain CC |3) Fixing Mile Stone to track the |drawings. 2) If Contractor is not performing then the |…
|Location |coastline of Vaasa |Location on Lake Kyrösjärvi, |Vaasantie 22, 62375 YLIHÄRMÄ |Rantakatu, near the Hospital|…
References: Ibrahim, Asi, Shalabi Faysal, and Naji Jamil. "Use of Basalt in Asphalt Concrete Mixes." Science Direct. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.…
Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 9696 (Geography) in the June 2004 examination. maximum mark available Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 100 50 50 minimum mark required for grade: A 61 31 33 B 57 28 30 E 39 20 21…
Williams (2003) explored the relationships between HMA mixture properties and rutting susceptibility as measured by wheel-tracking devices. He concluded that many factors, such as voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) , asphalt binder PG grade, and binder content, played a role in the rutting characteristics of HMA samples. Although regression analyses were unable to establish valid mathematical relationships, several trends were observed as summarized below. Thiessen et al. (2000) investigated the correlations between material properties and strength parameters measured in the laboratory with the observed rutting behaviour in the field. It was found that physical mixture properties cannot by themselves explain the observed rutting performance of the pavements tested. Regression analyses of both as-constructed and recovered core properties show poor correlations to the rate of rutting. Zhu et al. (2001) investigated the feasibility of replacing wheel-tracking test by a repeated-load creep test for evaluating HMA rutting potential. Based on the findings of the test results, favourable conclusions concerning the use of the repeated-load creep test for rutting potential were drawn. Zhu concluded that the correlation between the two types of tests was good for all three asphalt mixtures investigated. Thiessen et al. (2000) investigated the rutting performance of asphalt pavements in Manitoba, Canada. Samples taken from the field were tested using modified indirect tensile tests. Analysis of test results clearly showed that the measured deformation and Poisson’s ratio obtained from the indirect tensile test were closely related to field rutting behaviour. Christensen et al. (2002) evaluated the use of indirect tensile test and unconfined compressive test to assess rutting potential. Their research showed that both indirect tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength were good predictors of the rut…
Pavement joints are vital to control pavement cracking and pavement movement. Without joints, most concrete pavements would be riddled with cracks within one or two years after placement. Water, ice, salt and loads would eventually cause differential settlement and premature pavement failures. These same effects may be caused by incorrectly placed or poorly designed pavement joints. The Technician is responsible for inspecting all joints to avoid any of the problems associated with joint failure. Forethought should be given to the design and placement of the pavement joints so that the end result is a properly functioning pavement system. Special care is given at intersecting approaches, turn lanes and crossovers so that the joints required at these locations will complement the joints placed in the mainline pavement. Since the mainline pavement is typically placed prior to any auxiliary pavement, the location of all joints is required to be known in advance of the initial pours. If the initial joint placement is correct, the extension of the same joint lines throughout any adjacent pavements is done. "Dead ending" of joints in the middle of adjacent slabs is avoided whenever possible to prevent the risk of reflective cracking. An example of a well planned joint design is shown in Figure 7-1. The joints in this diagram are continuous from edge of pavement to edge of pavement. Also, the joints in the mainline pavement are aligned to serve the joints in the adjoining pavements. The following pavement joints and related materials are discussed: 1) D-1 contraction joints 2) Longitudinal joints 3) Transverse construction joints 4) Terminal joints 5) Expansion joints 6) Retrofitted tie bars…
Procurement of 1,50,000 litres of Bitumen. Duration of work 30days from 60th day of starting of work. Bitumen to be obtained from refinery at Bongaigaon in Assam. Lead time upto site is 45 days. Storage facility available at site 50,000 liters tank.…
In flexible pavements, wheel loads are transferred by grain-to-grain contact of the aggregate through the granular structure. The flexible pavement, having less strength, acts like a flexible sheet On the contrary, in rigid pavements, wheel loads are transferred to sub-grade soil by textural Strength of the pavement and the pavement acts like a rigid plate (e.g. cement concrete roads). In addition to these, composite pavements are also available. A thin layer of flexible pavement over rigid pavement is an ideal pavement with most desirable characteristics. However, such pavements are rarely used in new…
The total area of land to be acquired and required for its components is 918 hectares. The two-level steel truss bridge will carry a four-lane highway on the upper level and a single track railway on a lower level. The project will include 6.15 km long and 21.10 m wide bridge, 15.1 km of approach roads, toll plazas and service areas.…
This area is made for go-kart racing, formula 1, motorcycles and different sort of car racing. It is particularly made by cement to allow a better movement.…