(800 B.C. to 100 B.C.) Italian art history begins with the Etruscans. Etruscan Civilization was created on the now known Tuscany region of Italy. It isn't known where they came from, but the character of their art and many distinctive features of their religion make it clear that the original Etruscans were from a region in Asia Minor. During the Iron Age (1000 to 1 B.C.), urban civilization spread throughout Etruria - Tarquinia was probably the oldest city and is the most famous. The other centers were Caere (Cerveteri), Vulci, and Veii (Veio). When they arrived, they brought a high level of a Greek-like culture with them. Like the Greeks, the Etruscans lived in fortified cities. Their civilization stretched from the …show more content…
Remarkably enough , some goods are still being transported in amphorae in the 21st century, although nowadays it is much is more common to find stainless steel bulk containers for bulk wine or olive oil shipments.
The amphora was one of the most common vessels in Etruscan, Roman and Greek pottery, and was common throughout the ancient Mediterranean. It is a two-handled pot with a neck narrower than the body.
There are two types of amphora: the neck amphora, in which the neck meets the body at a sharp angle; and the one-piece amphora, in which the neck and body form a continuous curve. The first is common from the Geometric period to the decline of Greek pottery; the second appeared in the 7th century BCE. Amphorae have varied in size from the 1.5 metre aphora of the Greek Geometric period down to the miniature " amphoriskoi" which stood less than …show more content…
I think we can presume that the Etruscans and the Romans after them had a good grasp of the efficient use of labour, and how to avoid double handling.
Unlike a barrel, an amphora cannot be rolled along the ground without damaging it, so we are left with few choices. It would be a slow process and an inefficient use of labour to carry them on to a ship manually. Even with the readily available labour of slaves in the Ancient World, to actually carry them on in this manner was inefficient in terms of both time and labour, and time in the shipping industry means money. In fact in those ports of the Southern Mediterranean where amphorae are still used, amphorae are loaded and discharged in grape like structures, with the rope passed through the