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Summary: Crisis In The Later Middle Ages

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Summary: Crisis In The Later Middle Ages
* Crisis in the Later Middle Ages, 1300-1450 * CLIMATE CHANGE * 1300-1450: “Little Ice Age” * Cold weather and storms * Poor harvests * 1315-1322: “The Great Famine”
Little Ice Age
Too much rain, storms, cold
Scarcity and famine * People’s immune systems were low; vulnerable to disease
AND
* Workers underfed, less productive… higher grain prices * BLACK DEATH * 1347: Ships bring plague to Italy * Symptoms: * Bleeding, vomiting, black sores, buboes * Kills 1/3 – 1/2 population of Europe * HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR * 1337–1453: war between France and England * Joan of Arc helps the French win * GREAT SCHISM * 1378-1417: Two popes * Pope in Rome * Pope …show more content…
* Paul of Tarsus (5-67 BCE) * He travelled * Universalism * “There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ.” * Roman infrastructure * After Augustus * Success and stability varied—there were good times and bad * Under Julio-Claudians (27 BCE-68 CE), territorial expansion North and West * 69-96 CE: unrest, strengthening of borders * Government was becoming more and more monarchic * “The Five Good Emperors” * 96-180 CE * Full-blown monarchy * “Golden Age” in Rome * Travel and trade * Improved sanitation * “Bread and circuses” * Development of Romance languages * Disarray and Recovery * Civil wars (After Marcus Aurelius) * Barracks Emperors (rule of military commanders) * Preoccupation with power left borders unchecked * Barbarian …show more content…
306-337) * Reconstruction * Socioeconomic Issues
Constant wars and barbarian invasions
Farmers and families were killed or fled
Abandoned tracts of land reclaimed by large landlords, established estates
Farmers who remained: became what would later be called “serfs” * Reflection
Does the Empire successfully
-------------------------------------------------
resolve the problems of the Republic?
Rome-The Republic
ROME IN CONTEXT
Rome emerges...
Etruscans settle in Etruria, Romans in Latium
Etruscans become rich, economically and culturally, through trade
Etruscans ruled Rome from 753 to 509 BCE, developing the city into an important centre of culture and trade
Founding of the Republic
Series of Etruscan kings
Rape of Lucretia
Romans revolt
Foundation of the Republic (c. 509 BCE)
SPQR ~ senatus populusque Romanum
Social Structure
Plebeians
Patricians elected two consuls and had the senate
Slaves
through conquest manumission The social structure is going to become a source of great strife later on...
Social Inequality and Conflict
Inequality between patricians and plebeians
“Struggle of the Orders” (494-287
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