There were many cases that made the United States change their laws. For example,
“In the United States capitol, the District of Columbia, the press labelled two separate crimes as hate crimes in the fall of 2008 with very different prosecutorial outcomes. Within a month, two gay men were attacked in the streets after hours near nightclubs – one a Black gay man, the other a White gay man. The incidents involved Black assailants who spouted homophobic epithets during the violent attacks. In one, the (Black) victim was robbed and killed; in the other, the (White) victim was knocked unconscious (Spielendder, 123).”
Both crimes were horrendous, but the judge didn’t label them as a hate crime, because they judge didn’t know how to properly determine what a “hate crime” was. The United States has taken steps to permit racist speech that was once forbidden, it has also developed hate crime statutes that enhance penalties for crimes ‘motivated by bias toward individuals or groups based on particular status characteristics such as race, religion, ancestry, sexual orientation, or gender’ (Jenness and Grattet 2001