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Environmental Systems

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Environmental Systems
Environmental Systems

Reading chapter 11, provokes several thoughts. Why has the Architecture as a profession allowed any building to be built or designed that did not meet the requirements of building for the people? When one considers, what the concentration of pollutants indoors is typically higher than outdoors, sometimes by as much as 10 or even 100 times. The relationship between worker comfort/productivity and building design/operation is complicated. There are thousands of studies, reports and articles on the subject that find significantly reduced illness symptoms, reduced absenteeism and increases in perceived productivity over workers in a group that lacked these features. For example, four of the attributes associated with building design, which includes increased ventilation control, increased temperature control, increased lighting control and increased day lighting, have been positively and significantly correlated with increased productivity. These benefits include cost savings from reduced energy, water, and waste; lower operations and maintenance costs, and enhanced occupant productivity and health.
If we concentrated only on advanced ventilating and mechanical systems to increase air flow and reduce occupant contact with air borne microbial agents, selection of building materials and furnishings that have low toxicity, Increased use of daylighting to reduce energy demands and enhance interior lighting quality, Inclusion of high quality, energy efficient lighting to increase visual comfort, Increased contact with the natural environment through more open views to the outdoors, and through the inclusion of plants indoors for psychological reasons and for air quality enhancement. As a profession, Architecture should not allow a building to be built or unless it answers and is design with the environment, climate, and the individual that would be occupying that space. The Building Habitat for the future has 17 strategies laid out

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    References: 1. U.S. Department of Energy. 2004 Buildings Energy Databook, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 2. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 1999 “Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.” www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ cbecs/set4.html. Page modified June 23, 2004. 3. U.S. General Services Administration. 2003. Overview of the United States Government’s Owned and Leased Real Property: Federal Real Property Profile as of September 30, 2003. 4. Wilson, A., et al. 1998. Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate. John Wiley & Sons. 5. United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 1992. “Climate Change: the 1990 and 1992 IPPC Assessments.” 6. Public Technology, Inc./U.S. Green Building Council. 1996. Sustainable Building Technical Manual. 7. Kumar, S. and W.J. Fisk. 2002. “IEQ and the impact on employee sick leave.” ASHRAE Journal 44(7):97 – 98. 8. Halme, M. and J. Niskanen. 2001. “Does corporate environmental protection increase or decrease shareholder value? The case of environmental investments.” Business Strategy and the Environment 10(4):200 – 214. 9. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. 2004. Analysis of Efficiency Standards for Air Conditioners, Heat Pumps, and Other Products. www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/eff/air cond.html. Page modified October 25, 2004. 10. California Energy Commission. 2001. Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Section 121—Requirements for Ventilation, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 6. 11. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, State Energy Management Programs. 2005. www.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/utility/ utilityman_energymanage.cfm. Accessed March 28, 2005. 12. U.S. Department of Energy. 10 CFR 436, Subpart A, Methodology and Procedures for Life Cycle Cost Analyses. 13. Mullen, M.E. 2005. “Moving beyond simple payback.” ASHRAE Journal 47(6):14 – 20. 14. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 2004. School Operations and Maintenance: Best Practices for Controlling Energy Costs. www.ase.org/content/article/ detail/1806. Last accessed June 6, 2005. 15. Heath, G.A. and M.J. Mendell. 2002. “Do indoor environments in schools influence student performance? A review of the literature.” Proceedings: Indoor Air ‘02: 802 – 807. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ied/pdf/ LBNL-49567.pdf LBNL-49567.pdf. Last accessed June 6, 2005. 16. Lawrence, T.M. 2004. “Methodologies for evaluating demand controlled ventilation in HVAC retrofits.” Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. September 2005…

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