cyanophyta
Cyanophyta
(bluegreen bacteria; Chloroxybacteria)
Introduction to Cyanophyta
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Some Superlatives:
Intro to Cyanobacteria
Some Superlatives
General Cellular Features
Diversity in Reproduction
Diversity in Morphology
Prochlorophytes
• 1st group of algae (3-4 bya)
• 1st O2 producers
• survive in diverse environments in ice, on soil, on bark, on rocks halophilic, thermophilic marine, freshwater symbiotic • Nitrogen fixation
General Cellular Structure
Cyanophyta (top 10!)
• unicellular, colonies, filaments
• no flagella
• no organelles, E.R., vacuoles
• Ps pigments in un-stacked thylakoids
• Chl a (b and c sometimes)
• accessory pigments give blue-green color
• storage product is cyanophycean starch
• DNA circular (no nucleus)
• cell wall is peptidoglycan
• no sex
• fw, marine, terrestrial, symbiotic
w/ phycobilisomes ribosomes granules gas vesicle
Sheath
lipopolysaccharides
Circular DNA
(plasmids common)
Cell structures cont.
Gas vesicles cell rises
• small cells (bacteria size 1-10 µm)
• no complex organelles
c.w.
• typical cell
(peptidoglycan)
thylakoids
phtosynthetic pigments
high light
• storage products ↑
• ion uptake ↑
• turgor ↑
chlorophyll a - all spp. Have chl b in Gluacophytes phycobiliproteins - accessory pigments
low light
• respiration reduces storage products
• gas vesicles expand • attached to thylakoids
cell sinks
• produce phycobilisomes (granular collection of phycobiliproteins)
1
Cell structures cont.
phtosynthetic pigments cont.
granules: several types
4 types of
Accessory Pigments
• cyanophycean starch - major storage product Chl a
• cyanophycin - protein storage
green
1. Phycoerythrin
4. Allophycocyanin
• carboxysomes - store photosynthetic enzymes 2. Phycoerythrocyanin red 3. Phycocyanin
Diversity in Reproduction cont.
Diversity in Reproduction
Binary fission
•
(bluegreen bacteria; Chloroxybacteria)
Introduction to Cyanophyta
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Some Superlatives:
Intro to Cyanobacteria
Some Superlatives
General Cellular Features
Diversity in Reproduction
Diversity in Morphology
Prochlorophytes
• 1st group of algae (3-4 bya)
• 1st O2 producers
• survive in diverse environments in ice, on soil, on bark, on rocks halophilic, thermophilic marine, freshwater symbiotic • Nitrogen fixation
General Cellular Structure
Cyanophyta (top 10!)
• unicellular, colonies, filaments
• no flagella
• no organelles, E.R., vacuoles
• Ps pigments in un-stacked thylakoids
• Chl a (b and c sometimes)
• accessory pigments give blue-green color
• storage product is cyanophycean starch
• DNA circular (no nucleus)
• cell wall is peptidoglycan
• no sex
• fw, marine, terrestrial, symbiotic
w/ phycobilisomes ribosomes granules gas vesicle
Sheath
lipopolysaccharides
Circular DNA
(plasmids common)
Cell structures cont.
Gas vesicles cell rises
• small cells (bacteria size 1-10 µm)
• no complex organelles
c.w.
• typical cell
(peptidoglycan)
thylakoids
phtosynthetic pigments
high light
• storage products ↑
• ion uptake ↑
• turgor ↑
chlorophyll a - all spp. Have chl b in Gluacophytes phycobiliproteins - accessory pigments
low light
• respiration reduces storage products
• gas vesicles expand • attached to thylakoids
cell sinks
• produce phycobilisomes (granular collection of phycobiliproteins)
1
Cell structures cont.
phtosynthetic pigments cont.
granules: several types
4 types of
Accessory Pigments
• cyanophycean starch - major storage product Chl a
• cyanophycin - protein storage
green
1. Phycoerythrin
4. Allophycocyanin
• carboxysomes - store photosynthetic enzymes 2. Phycoerythrocyanin red 3. Phycocyanin
Diversity in Reproduction cont.
Diversity in Reproduction
Binary fission
•