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There are two kinds of clauses: independent clauses and dependent clauses. [a captain and a private]
When I was young, … = a private
Although other factors play a role, … = a private
It is on the table. = a captain
There are three ways to write a compound sentence.
1) Use a semicolon to connect two captains.
2) Use a comma with a coordinating conjunction.
3) Use a semicolon with a transitional phrase or a conjunctive adverb
The first way—
I like pizza in the evening; I like hamburgers in the afternoon.

The second way—
There are only 7 coordinating conjunctions. FAN BOYS
For = because
I like Anna very much, for she is intelligent and generous.
I like Anna very much because she is intelligent and generous. (Notice that a comma is not used in front of because, for defining clauses are not separated by the use of commas from the clauses they describe.)
And = also, additionally
Nor = a negative alternative; additional negative information
He is not my brother, nor is he my friend.
But = however; we use it to make contrast [ __(positive idea)___,but ___(negative idea)___.]
I like to travel to European capitals, but I prefer those which are highly populated.
Or = a positive alternative; additional positive information
In the summer I usually travel to Germany, or sometimes I go to France.
In the summer I go to Germany. However, sometimes I go to France.
Yet = still; nonetheless; nevertheless
I gave Anna flowers every day for a month, yet she never gave me a smile.
So = therefore; as a result
I gave Anna flowers every day for a month, so she gave me a smile every day.

The third way—
Use a transitional phrase: in the first place; at the same time, etc.
I like Anna very for a number of reasons; in the first place, her extraordinary intelligence makes her an excellent conversationalist.
Anna has a number of attractive personal characteristics; for example, she is intelligent and generous.
Use a conjunctive adverb: however, besides, etc.
Anna is not very kind; however, she is an intelligent woman who takes her work seriously.

A complex sentence has two clauses—a dependent clause and an independent clause. Frequently, the dependent clause is subordinated by the use of a conjunctive adverb, or it can be a relative clause.
When I was young, I ate candy.
After Anna went to Canada, she studied law.
I ate candy, which was not good for my oral health.
Anna, who has long hair, is an excellent doctor.

A compound-complex sentence has at least three clauses—one dependent and two independent.
When I was young, I ate candy; as a result, my oral health suffered.
Anna usually has high marks, for she studies every day, which is quite unusual.