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Ch 13: The Rise Of Islam

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Ch 13: The Rise Of Islam
Ch 13: The Rise of Islam
1. Key parts of Muhammad’s life
• Early Life: Muhammad was born to a family of merchants in Mecca. Both parents died when he was very young. He married a wealthy widow and became a good merchant. Due to his travels he was familiar with paganism, Christianity, and Judaism.
• Revelations: At the age of 40 he had visions given to him by Allah while he was in a cave called Mt. Hira. These visions given to him through the archangel Gabriel instructed him to share his beliefs of Allah and his religion to others. Allah told him that idolatry and the recognition of other gods led to wickedness, and that Allah would bring judgment upon the people of earth. The Quran is a record of Muhammad’s revelations and the holy book of Islam (650 CE). The hadith are traditions of Muhammad’s life. Muhammad believed he was the seal of the prophets and recognized the authority of the Christian and Jewish faiths.
• Move to Medina: Muhammad moved to Medina (Yathrib, “the city of the prophet”) because there was so much resistance to his new faith known as Islam (“submission”). Many conflicts arose because Muhammad’s monotheistic teachings went against the popular religion paganism and threatened the economy of existing religious industries. Also Muhammad’s denunciation …show more content…
The first of these was Abu Bakr who was chosen over Ali, a son-in-law and cousin of the prophet. This dispute over who should rule dar al-Islam divided the people into 2 sects: the Shia and the Sunnis. The Shia supported the appointment of Ali and his bloodline while the Sunnis wanted religiously experienced leader Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr was assassinated and his successors came to be known as the Umayyad dynasty. The capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus. This dynasty displayed favoritism towards Arab military rulers and limited the social mobility of non-Muslim Arabs. Established a head tax, jizya, on all
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