Ch. 13 APWH Study Guide

CHAPTER 13 Study Guide- Tropical Africa and Asia 1200-1500 1. Why is Ibn Battuta an important historical figure? P.325 -Ibn Battuta had completed a pilgrimage to Mecca and throughout the Middle East, and he wrote in journals about his travels, providing valuable information about these lands

2. What marks the center of the tropic zone? P. 325 -the equator

3. What are 3 examples of domesticated plants/animals that spread around the tropics. P.328 -grains and tubers -bananas -asian cattle breeds

4. Why did farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa abandon fields every few years? P.328 -so the field could become nutrient-rich again, and they could return to it later to farm for another few years

5. What did farmers in SE India do to deal with the uneven annual rainfall? P. 328 -farmers in Vietnam, Java, Malaya, and Burma constructed special water-control systems, which irrigated their terraced rice paddies

6. What was the most abundant metal worked in the tropics? P.329 -iron

7. What relationship did the empires of Mali in West Africa and Dehli in South Asia have to Islam? P.330 -both Mali and Dehli utilized Islamic administrative and military systems introduced from the Islamic heartland

8. In what 2 ways did Mali differ from Ghana? P.330 -Mali was much larger than Ghana -from the beginning, Mali rulers were Muslims who fostered the spread of Islam among the political and trading elite of the empire

9. What did Mansa Musa pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrate? P.330, 332 -his great wealth and high status

10. Why was India more subject to raids and susceptible to invasions? P.333 -It had long before lost the defensive unity of the Gupta empire

11. What allowed Muslim warriors to fire crossbows from the backs of galloping horses when invading Northern India? P.333 -Iron stirrups

12. Who was Raziya (and why is she historically significant)? P.336 -Raziya was the only women leader of Delhi, India; she was the daughter of Iltutmish

13. Being a small minority in a giant land, on what did Turkish rulers of the Delhi Sultanate rely to rule their lands? P.337 -Terror -Harsh military reprisals -Pillage and high taxes

14. What did the Delhi Sultanate do to centralize political authority in India? P.338 -Established a bureaucracy headed by the sultan, who was aided by a prime minister and provincial governors -Efforts made to improve food production, promote trade and economic growth, and establish a common currency

15. What are 3 reasons for increased trade in the Indian Ocean between 1200-1500? P.338 -Rising prosperity of Asian, European, and African states -Construction of larger ships -Indian ocean routes assumed greater strategic importance in tying together the peoples of Eurasia and Africa

16. What was the largest ship used in the Indian Ocean? P.338 -The junk

17. What tied regions of the Indian Ocean together? P.339 -Commercial interests

18. What was the most important commercial center on the Swahili Coast? P.341 -The Southern city of Kilwa

19. Great Zimbabwe’s wealth was based on long-distance trade in what items? P.341 -Copper ingots -Salt -Gold

20. Aside from jewelry and indigo, what other items were produced in the Indian state of Gujarat? P.342 -cotton, beads, textiles, and foods

21. Why was Malacca an important city and what went on there? P.343 -it was important for trade and making alliances, and it was where the Chinese and Indians met

22. What is one example of blending of architectural styles in Islam? P.343 -Mosque designs in local building materials

23. What role did Mosques play in Muslim culture and why did Muslims promote literacy? P.344 -mosques were places of worship and learning for Muslims; Muslims promoted literacy so they could all read the Quran and help spread the Muslim ideas through writings

24. What did Muslims introduce to India and what type of texts did Muslim scholars study? P.344 -they introduced paper-making, and studied Islamic Law

25. What was the most profitable item to bring from N. Africa to Timbuktu and why? P.344-5 -books, because everyone wanted them

26. What happened to Buddhism in India and (in your opinion) why is that ironic? P.345 -Buddhism became a minor religion because of Islam, but thats ironic because it originated in India

27. What was the biggest byproduct of the conquests and commerce in both Asia and Africa. Give examples. P.345 (Social and Gender Relations) -money and slavery; rich families bought slaves for servants, and ex-slaves were used as cheaper work