Annotated Bibliography
UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO CORINTH CAMPUS Instructor: Mr. Lambert Phillip Submission date: 28th February, 2013 Music Education GROUP MEMBERS
Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................Pg 3
Membranophones ................................................................................................Pg 4-5
Idiophones ...............................................................................................Pg 6-9
Chordophones ...............................................................................................Pg10-11
Aerophones ..............................................................................................Pg …show more content…
Bells may be categorized broadly as percussion instruments, and more specifically as idiophones. The walls vary from straight to convex, concave, hemispherical, barrel shaped (as in East Asia). All Western tower bells are tulip shaped, in cross section they may be round, square, rectangular, elliptical, or many-sided. Chinese bells often have lotus-shaped rims. The strongest sound-producing vibrations of bells occur near the rim (in Western bells, in the “sound bow”), in contrast to hollow gongs, where the vibrations are strongest in the centre. The acoustical structure of bell sound is complex and has been completely understood only in modern times. All bells contain an array of partials, or sound-wave frequencies of various pitches, but the tone of a musical bell consists of both harmonious partials and higher inharmonious …show more content…
The first class (41) includes instruments which, when played, do not contain the vibrating air. The bullroarer is one example. These are called free aerophones. This class includes free reed instruments, such as the harmonica, but also many instruments unlikely to be called wind instruments at all by most people, such as sirens and whips. The second class (42) includes instruments which contain the vibrating air when being played. This class includes almost all instruments generally called wind instruments - including the didgeridoo, brass instruments (e.g., trumpet, french horn, trombone), and woodwind instruments (e.g., oboe, flute, saxophone, clarinet). Additionally, very loud sounds can be made by explosions directed into, or being detonated inside of resonant cavities. Detonations inside the calliope (and steam whistle), as well as the pyrophone might thus be considered as class 42 instruments, despite the fact that the "wind" or "air" may be steam or an air-fuel mixture. These instruments make sounds as air vibrates through a tube. The vibration begins with lip vibration as in a trumpet, a reed as in clarinets, saxophones and organs, a ball as in a whistle or by striking a sharp edge as in a
Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................Pg 3
Membranophones ................................................................................................Pg 4-5
Idiophones ...............................................................................................Pg 6-9
Chordophones ...............................................................................................Pg10-11
Aerophones ..............................................................................................Pg …show more content…
Bells may be categorized broadly as percussion instruments, and more specifically as idiophones. The walls vary from straight to convex, concave, hemispherical, barrel shaped (as in East Asia). All Western tower bells are tulip shaped, in cross section they may be round, square, rectangular, elliptical, or many-sided. Chinese bells often have lotus-shaped rims. The strongest sound-producing vibrations of bells occur near the rim (in Western bells, in the “sound bow”), in contrast to hollow gongs, where the vibrations are strongest in the centre. The acoustical structure of bell sound is complex and has been completely understood only in modern times. All bells contain an array of partials, or sound-wave frequencies of various pitches, but the tone of a musical bell consists of both harmonious partials and higher inharmonious …show more content…
The first class (41) includes instruments which, when played, do not contain the vibrating air. The bullroarer is one example. These are called free aerophones. This class includes free reed instruments, such as the harmonica, but also many instruments unlikely to be called wind instruments at all by most people, such as sirens and whips. The second class (42) includes instruments which contain the vibrating air when being played. This class includes almost all instruments generally called wind instruments - including the didgeridoo, brass instruments (e.g., trumpet, french horn, trombone), and woodwind instruments (e.g., oboe, flute, saxophone, clarinet). Additionally, very loud sounds can be made by explosions directed into, or being detonated inside of resonant cavities. Detonations inside the calliope (and steam whistle), as well as the pyrophone might thus be considered as class 42 instruments, despite the fact that the "wind" or "air" may be steam or an air-fuel mixture. These instruments make sounds as air vibrates through a tube. The vibration begins with lip vibration as in a trumpet, a reed as in clarinets, saxophones and organs, a ball as in a whistle or by striking a sharp edge as in a