Ageism in Ireland
Ireland’s population is set to expand rapidly in the coming decades. Connell and Pringle (2004) predict the total population of Ireland is to rise between a low of 4.57 million and a high of 4.91 million by 2021.Of this rising population, between 34.3 and 38.7 percent will be said to be over 65 years of age. These are startling figures, so there is no room for the issue that is termed ageism. Ageism and its debilitating consequences are, at present, worryingly prominent in Ireland. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the concept of ageism and its history, discussing probable causes and its implications to older people, nursing practice, healthcare and society. The author looks at the research that has been carried out by state organisations in an attempt to discover how prevalent ageism is in today’s ‘modern’ world, and reviews various relevant literature that is significant to nursing practice. This topic is of personal and professional interest, as the author is currently employed in a long-stay unit that specifically specialises in care of the older adult. It is within this setting that the author was made aware ageism, proving a fact that will be discussed later, that one of the key strategies in tackling ageism in nursing practice is by creating awareness through education. By this and other means, it is hoped to create a more positive nurturing environment, free of ageism, for Ireland’s population to age and grow in. The Author will proceed to discuss ageism in greater detail.
The concept of ageism was defined for the first time in 1969 by Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Ageing in the United States (Miller, 2004). There are many definitions in various literatures, but in essence, these definitions amass to what Butler (1980: 8) defines as “the prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people sheerly on the basis of their chronological age”. Defined this way, negative attitudes towards people because they
The concept of ageism was defined for the first time in 1969 by Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Ageing in the United States (Miller, 2004). There are many definitions in various literatures, but in essence, these definitions amass to what Butler (1980: 8) defines as “the prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people sheerly on the basis of their chronological age”. Defined this way, negative attitudes towards people because they
References: • Bernard, M. (1998) Back to the future? Reflections on women, ageing and nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 27:633-640. • Butler, R. N. (1980) Ageism: A foreword. Journal of Social Issues.36:8-11. • Connell, P • Happell, B. (2002) Nursing home employment for nursing students: valuable experience or a harsh deterrent? Journal of Advanced Nursing.39(6)529-536. • Higgins, I., Van der Reit, P., Slater, L. and Peek, C. (2007) The negative attitudes of nurses towards older patients in the acute hospital setting: A qualitative descriptive study. Contemporary Nurse.26(2):225-237. • Jack, R. (1994) Old Age Abuse: A new Perspective. 2nd Edition. London: Chapman and Hall. • Miller, C.A. (2004) Nursing for Wellness in Older Adults: Theory and Practice. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins. • Minichiello, V., Browne, J. and Kendig, H. (2000) Perceptions and consequences of ageism: views of older people. Ageing and Society. 20:253-278. • National Council on Ageing and Older People. (2004) From Ageism to Age Equality. Dublin: The Stationary Office. • National Council on Ageing and Older People. (2005) Perceptions of Ageism in Health and Social Services in Ireland. Dublin: The Stationary Office. • Nelson, T.D. (2002) Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. Cambridge: The MIT Press. • Nelson, T.D. (2005) Ageism: Prejudice Against Our Feared Future Self. Journal of Social Issues. 61(2):207-221. • O’ Neill, D • Palmore, E. (2001) The ageism survey: First findings. The Gerontologist.41:572-575. • Pickering, S. and Thompson, J.S. (1998) Promoting Positive Practice in Nursing Older People: Perspectives on Quality of Life. London: Bailliere Tindall. • Pursey, A. and Luker, K. (1995) Attitudes and stereotypes: nurses’ work with older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing.22:547-555. • Ruddle, H., Donoghue, F • Scott, H. (2000) Elderly Patients: people not ‘bed-blockers’. British Journal of Nursing.9(9):528. • The Equality Authority. (2002)Implementing Equality for Older People. Dublin: The Equality Authority. • Tester, S. (1996) Community Care for Older People. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press. • Victor, C.R. (1997) Community Care and Older People. Cheltenham: Stanley Thorne. • Walker, A. and Philipson, C. (1986) Ageism and social policy: A critical assessment.Aldershot:Gower. • Ward, D • Welford, C. (2006) Rhetoric is not enough. Nursing older people. 18(11):24-25. • Wells, Y., Foreman, P., Gething, L. and Petralia, W. (2004) Nurses’ Attitudes toward Aging and Older Adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing.30(9):5-13.