NEW MICROBIOLOGICA‚ 36‚ 211-227‚ 2013 Chikungunya virus infection: an overview Claudia Caglioti‚ Eleonora Lalle‚ Concetta Castilletti‚ Fabrizio Carletti‚ Maria Rosaria Capobianchi‚ Licia Bordi Laboratory of Virology‚ “L. Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases‚ Rome‚ Italy SUMMARY Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family‚ first isolated in Tanzania in 1952. The main vectors are mosquitoes from the Aedes species. Recently
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Rabies virus‚ like many rhabdoviruses‚ does have extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species‚ while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected‚ as well as cell cultures from mammals‚ birds‚ reptiles and insects (Carter and Saunders 175). The rabies virus is an enveloped virus in the Rhabdoviridae family with a cylindrical morphology. The structure of this virus is unique. It is a rod or bullet shaped‚ single-stranded‚ genome with negative-sense
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Word Count: 973 What is the Varicella-zoster virus? Varicella may not be a common term in every household but chickenpox on the other hand is always a worry of parents with children in elementary school. Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). (Talaro) Chickenpox is a virus that causes an itchy rash that is contagious. Chickenpox is spread through airborne droplets or direct contact with the lesions created by chickenpox. Varicella is strictly a human disease and cannot be
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How to Survive a Zombie Apocalypse A zombie apocalypse is most definitely not a very friendly world. It is hard to find friends who aren’t going to shoot you on sight‚ and if you do find somebody‚ a thorough body inspection is in for the both of you. So what should you do‚ if the situation ever arises? I will explain to you the Do’s and Do not’s of a zombie apocalypse. First things first; get a weapon. If you can find a gun‚ GREAT. Just know this; knives don’t need ammo. If you get a gun‚ Take
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The H1N1 virus (swine influenza) is a novel infection that has not earlier been known in North America. It has recently‚ however‚ infected a number of people in the United States and Mexico. Swine flu is actually a respiratory virus of pigs which was first identified in 1918 and although historic diffusion to human beings has been sporadic‚ the infection rate in humans is intensifying at present (Barnes‚ 2008). The H1N1 virus‚ just like seasonal influenza‚ is simply spread by the minute drops
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These tissues contain cells that are useful in fighting infection. Inflammation of the tonsils can be caused by many contagious bacteria or viruses‚ including strains of streptococcus bacteria‚ adenovirus‚ influenza virus‚ Epstein-Barr virus‚ enterovirus‚ and the herpes simplex virus. One of the most frequent causes of tonsillitis is group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS)‚ which is also the cause of strep throat; it is responsible for 30% of childhood tonsillitis and 10% of adult cases
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In most movies involving zombies‚ they are portrayed as being the monsters based on their behaviors. Yet what most people don’t realize is that the people who aren’t infected could be considered monsters as well. All people‚ whether they are just trying to survive‚ or make changes to the society that they believe are beneficial‚ are just as much monsters as the zombies themselves. Which brings up the topic of the zombies acting as mirrors to those who are living. Although most would deny the fact
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The myth of zombies has been debated for centuries and has brought about insane creative ideas about the unknown. Over time creative geniuses have looked to share their thoughts on the zombie myth through video games‚ comic books and television shows. One of the newest television shows that depicts a post-apocalyptic world filled with zombies is AMC’s The Walking Dead. The setting of The Walking Dead takes place in a world in which a massive‚ fatal‚ and gore filled disease has killed a majority of
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the event of a zombie apocalypse. Blood‚ guts‚ and disfigurement is basically what defines a zombie. Most of today’s generation has seen The Night of the Living Dead‚ The Walking Dead‚ Zombieland‚ Shaun of the Dead‚ and many more. One topic that is discussed most is “what would someone do?” The topic of zombies ending the world has become so popular there are underground bunkers‚ survival guides‚ and storage containers full of food. So‚ why do people believe there will be a zombie apocalypse? A few
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another of Hollywood’s horror churners without any touch of reality‚ but there are a few people‚ who do believe that a zombie apocalypse is very possible. Members and experts from ‘Zombie Research Society’‚ which is a club which has over 350‚000 zombie experts spanning six continents as its members‚ believe that a zombie apocalypse may happen sooner than most people think. A zombie plague may happen within my present lifetime or anything after a hundred years‚ but it is a very real possibility. To
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