in the dermal layer of the leaves are stomata‚ which are tiny openings that allow carbon dioxide to enter and complete the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis. The innermost layer of the plant is called the vascular tissue and is composed of phloem and xylem‚ which transport nutrients and water to the rest of the plant. The last layer is the intermediate layer‚ which is called the ground tissue. The ground tissue in leaves is the mesophyll layer that contains the photosynthetic cells. All plants have a
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Adenosine Triphosphate‚ also known as ATP‚ is the molecule responsible for the energy that we‚ and all other organisms‚ need to survive. It is produced primarily in the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration by oxidative and substrate phosphorylation. 4 molecules of ATP are produced from 4 ADP and 4 inorganic phosphates in glycolysis in the cytoplasm of every cell‚ by the oxidation of a triose phosphate into two molecules of pyruvate. In anaerobic respiration these are the only 4 ATP
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its adhesive properties‚ water exhibits the phenomenon of capillary action in a plant‚ whereby water moves upwards through the xylem vessel of a plant‚ as the water molecules are attracted greatly to the inner walls of the xylem. The attraction of the water molecules to other compounds allows this to happen‚ thus‚ water is transported from the roots‚ through to the xylem vessel and then to the leaves of a plant. Moreover‚ the transport of nutrients also relies on water’s properties; the solvency
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SPECIALIZED CELL ANIMAL Sperm cells PLANT Xylem cells are specialised to find a female cell (egg cells) and join with it. They have tails‚ that makes them move in water to find and fertilize the female cell. They can move because they have many mitochondria located between the tail and the head‚ which gives them energy. In the head‚ there is a vacuole filled with acrosome‚ which is a specialized Lysosome that releases enzymes in order for the Sperm Cell to break into the Egg Cell‚ through
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of leaves are the waxy cuticle layer and the upper epidermis‚ which provide protection and prevents water loss. Below is the palisade mesophyll layer‚ composed of long column-like chloroplast cells which absorbs light to be used in photosynthesis. Xylem carries water and minerals‚ while phloem carries starches and nutrients to wherever needed; these two comprise the vascular bundle. Underneath is the spongy mesophyll layer‚ which is porous to allow for gas exchange‚ of carbon dioxide
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X Which section X or Y comes from the root ? ……………………....................part X Label parts A-B on section X: A: Xylem B: phloem Which parts of on section Y correspond to parts A and B on diagram X/ Inner part(shaded black) xylem vessels. Outer part(white)
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of five terms each. In each case rewrite the terms in logical sequence as directed at the end of each statement. An example has been done for you: Example: Cortical cells‚ Root hair‚ xylem‚ Soil water‚ endodermis (absorption of water by the plants) Answer: Soil water‚ Root hair‚ cortical cells‚ endodermis‚ xylem (i) Renal vein‚ Renal artery‚ Afferent arteriole‚ Efferent arteriole‚ Glomerulus (pathway of blood through glomerulus). A(i)Renal artery‚Afferent arteriole‚Glomerulus‚Efferent arteriole
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genetic level). These two structures do of course differ‚ because the vascular plants are much further evolved than the Algae. A few of these likely acquired traits are Xylem‚ and Phloem‚ which transport both water and food throughout the plant much like the veins in our body transport oxygen through veins and arteries‚ though Xylem unlike Phloem use passive transport to accomplish this. The cuticle‚ or waxy covering of the vascular plants‚ allowing them to survive perhaps better‚ especially when supplied
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TOMATO PLANT 1) Seed: Tomato seeds are small‚ flat and disk shaped and about 1/8 inch wide. They contain two energy storage organs called cotyledons and an embryo encased in a hard outer shell called the seed coat. The seed is the dormant or resting stage of the plant life cycle. When young tomato plants are damaged‚ they tend to go into a dormant‚ survival stage in which plant growth is delayed for a while. Frost damage is something to look out for when planting tomatoes early on in the season
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Chapter 2: Patterns in Nature 1. Cell theory • 1590: Dutch grind glass lens (1st compound microscope) • 1665: Robert Hooke uses compound m. analysis thin cork slices as filled with air enclosed in boxes (cells) distinct • 1676: Dutch sees microorganism under microscope from pond water • 1824: French suggest all organisms composed of cells • 1827: Robert Brown (Brownian motion) discovered nucleus in plant cell • 1838: German produced evidence that all organisms made of cells • 1859:
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