INTRODUCTION The word Xhosa refers to a people and a language of South Africa. The Xhosa-speaking people are divided into a number of subgroups with their own distinct but related heritages. One of these subgroups is called Xhosa as well. The other main subgroups are the Bhaca‚ Bomvana‚ Mfengu‚ Mpondo‚ Mpondomise‚ Xesibe‚ and Thembu. Unless otherwise stated‚ this article refers to all the Xhosa-speaking people. Well before the arrival of Dutch in the 1650s‚ the Xhosa had settled the southeastern
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Kimeshri Reddy – 50062778 ENG2603 – Assignment 01 – poetry and Nervous Conditions Submission Date: 1 September 2014 The contexts in this module represent the different ways in which colonial tools define characters and their experiences. The English language and Christianity are two particularly powerful colonial tools. The essay shows Ntsikana kaGabha’s poem‚ “Ntsikana’s Bell”‚ and Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novel‚ Nervous Conditions‚ depict the impact of these tools. This essay shows that neither English
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into employment by white masters. The British attempted to alleviate the land problems of Boers in the eastern Cape by sending imperial armies against the Xhosa of the Zuurveld (literally‚ "sour grassland‚" the southernmost area of Bantu-speaking settlement‚ located between the Sundays River and the Great Fish River). They attacked the Xhosa from 1799 to 1803‚ from 1811 to 1812‚ and again from 1818 to 1819‚ when at last‚ through ruthless warfare‚ they succeeded in expelling the Africans into the
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be left out over time. In the end it can be something entirely different to what it was. I do not believe that this happened to the practice of izithakazelo as it is considered such an important one. In conclusion‚ I have spoken to a couple of Xhosa and Zulu students and they believe that iziduko and/or izithakazelo will never be cut out from their culture. It is a tradition that is sent down generation to generation. It is part of who they are. It is the highest form of respect toward the particular
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Suit’ by Can Themba is centred on a man called Philemon who discovers that his long term wife Matilda has cheated on him‚ despite his personal opinion that they were happily married. After he discovers her infidelity he makes her carry around her lover’s suit with her everywhere that she goes. He also forces her wife to treat the suit as if it was a person visiting their home. Due to his humiliation and cruelty towards his wife she eventually dies of a broken heart. This story is often used in
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intermittent frontier wars between British colonial powers and the amaXhosa of the Eastern Cape‚ a young Xhosa girl by the name of Nongqawuse received a message. She told her uncle that spirits came to her near the Gxarha River‚ saying‚ "Tell that the whole community will rise from the dead; and that all cattle now living must be slaughtered..." (1). This message became the potent prophecy central to the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement of 1856-57‚ one of the "most extraordinary [stories] in human history" (2)
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speaking and Sotho- speaking people of Southern Africa. The article points out how this movement brought upon major changes to the way these groups lived and the outcomes in the end. Mashingaidze discusses how black- white relations between the Xhosa and the Dutch settlers was sometimes full of turmoil. In 1652‚ Jan van Riebeeck’s settlement at the Cape stretched northward which caused conflict with the blacks that were pushing their settlement towards the Cape. There was also conflict between
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The purpose of this essay is to identify the significant themes in Murmuring Judges by David Hare and to show how these themes have been presented to the audience. David Hare graduated from Cambridge University in 1968; that same year he co-founded the Portable Theatre Company with his friend Richard Bicat. Ironically he was to launch his writing career because the Company was left in the lurch by a playwright just four days before rehearsals were due to start. Hare jumped into the breach and
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Language Planning: Nature and Goals 1. INTRODUCTION Using the definition of language planning from Coulmas (2005: 186) which reads thus; “Language planning involves making informed choices about language…” as a point of departure‚ this essay will attempt to firstly provide a thorough definition of the notion of language planning‚ as well as explain the relation between language planning and language policy. Secondly‚ this essay will define and discuss ideological language planning and normative
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To what extent has the government made progress in reducing education and health inequalities? In South Africa‚ clear evidence of progress can be seen in the matriculation. In 1994 less that 50% BSA passed their finl exam. This had improved a fair bit as in 2003 70% passed. However‚ by 2010 it had fallen back to about 60%. Again significant inequalities remain between the richest and poorest provinces in WC. In Western Cape the pass rate in 2009 was over 75%. In comparison Limpopo was less than
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