Bond - is defined as a long-term debt of a firm or the government set forth in writing and made under seal. Kinds of Bond 1. Government Bonds - are those issued by the government to finance its activities. 2. Corporate Bonds - are those issued by private corporations to finance their long -term funding requirements. Bonds as Distinguished from Stocks 1. A bond is a debt instrument while stock is an instrument of ownership. 2. Bondholders have priority over stockholders when payments
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Internal Corporate Communication: How satisfied are you? “The problem with communication is the illusion that it has been accomplished.” - George Bernard Shaw Internal Corporate Communication: How satisfied are you? “The problem with communication is the illusion that it has been accomplished.” - George Bernard Shaw Abstract Corporate Communication takes place at varied responsibility levels‚ both inside and outside an organization. The effectiveness
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WorldCom: internal audit lessons to be learnt On June 9 2003‚ the U.S. Bankruptcy Court of New York issued a report on the WorldCom accounting fraud that expands on the court’s earlier findings of mismanagement‚ lack of corporate governance‚ and concern regarding the integrity of the company’s accounting and financial reporting functions. Supervised by former U.S. Attorney General Richard Thornburgh‚ the study was commissioned by the court to investigate allegations including fraud‚ mismanagement
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New thinking on corporate bond market in India Sanjay Banerji Krishna Gangopadhyay Ila Patnaik Ajay Shah New thinking on corporate bond market in India Foreword In the rush to produce urgent policy documents and briefing notes that any government has to do‚ it is easy to let matters that may not be quite as urgent to go unattended. However‚ the not-so-urgent often includes matters of great importance for the long-run well-being of the nation and its citizenry. Research papers on topics
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There were several situations that lead the executives and managers of WorldCom to "cook the books." Acquisition of other companies drove WorldCom to spend beyond their means; managers were told to spend whatever was necessary to increase revenue‚ even if it meant that long-term costs would outweigh the short-term gains. This fiscally unhealthy mentality led to a very bad decision to enter into long-term fixed rate leases for network capacity with extensive punitive termination provisions. Once the
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CORPORATE BOND MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA There are several good reasons for developing bond market. The most fundamental reason is to make financial and capital market more complete by generating market interest rates that reflect the opportunity cost of funds at each maturity. This is essential for efficient investment and financing decisions. Moreover the existence of tradable instruments helps risk management. Further the use of financial guarantees and other types of underwriting is becoming
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Assignment: The Enron and World Com Scandals ACC/260 September 17‚ 2010 Pp 106-107 1. Which segment of its operations got Enron into difficulties? The segment of operations that started the difficulties with Enron went back to the guarantee of loans in order to bridge financing with investments of an outside investor that was never found. Documents were later forced to be restated with activities of other companies that had to be consolidated into Enron’s accounts. 3. Did Enron’s directors
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CORPORATE STRATEGY Honda Inc. is a world-renown automobile maker that has grown over the past couple decades. In analyzing its corporate performance Honda strives on innovation and being the first in creating new high-tech‚ and environment friendly products that their customers know that they can rely on. In order for them to achieve this they must have a strong research and development center and encourage their employees to reach for the stars and strive on their imaginations. The threats
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CHAPTER 3 Valuing Bonds Answers to Problem Sets 1. a. Does not change b. Price falls c. Yield rises. 2. a. If the coupon rate is higher than the yield‚ then investors must be expecting a decline in the capital value of the bond over its remaining life. Thus‚ the bond’s price must be greater than its face value. b. Conversely‚ if the yield is greater than the coupon‚ the price will be below face value and it will rise over the remaining life of the bond. 3. The
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Apple Inc. Corporate Goals Empathy for Customers/Users We offer superior products that fill real needs and provide lasting value. We deal fairly with competitors and meet customers and vendors more than halfway. We are genuinely interested in solving customer problems‚ and we will not compromise our ethics or integrity in the name of profit. Aggressiveness/Achievement We set aggressive goals and drive ourselves hard to achieve them. We recognize that this is a unique time‚ when our products
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