Dutch physicist‚ Christian Huygens‚ studied wave behavior and proposed that the wavefronts of light waves spreading out from a point source can be regarded as the overlapped crests of tiny secondary waves – that wavefronts are made up of tinier wavefronts. Wavefronts are an array of identical waves that have the same source and travels through a homogeneous medium‚ thus their corresponding crests and troughs are in the same phase at any given time. These waves‚ then completed identical fractions of their
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of angles because the surface is uneven. This scattering occurs in many of the objects we encounter every day. The surface of paper is a good example. You can see just how rough it is if you peer at it under a microscope. When light hits paper‚ the waves are reflected in all directions. This is what makes paper so incredibly useful -- you can read the words on a printed page regardless of the angle at which your eyes view the surface. Another way to make colors is to absorb some of the frequencies
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Indian Railways (reporting mark IR) It is an Indian state-owned enterprise‚ owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the world’s largest railway networks comprising 115‚000 km (71‚000 mi) of track over a route of 65‚000 km (40‚000 mi) and 7‚500 stations. As of December 2012‚ it transported over 25 million passengers daily (over 9 billion on an annual basis). In 2011‚ IR carried over 8‚900 million passengers annually or more than 24 million passengers
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Physics Waves Lab SL Introduction: This lab will investigate the properties of mechanical waves such as a longitudinal wave‚ focusing on the question: Does a change in the frequency of a wave result in a significant and convincing change in the speed of the wave? Hypothesis: Changing the frequency of the wave will not result in a change in speed because the wavelength will change proportionally as in theory. Student Designed Investigation Procedure/ Planning Procedure: 1. Three
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phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium. The interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results from the net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles of the medium. To begin our exploration of wave interference‚ consider two pulses of the same amplitude traveling in different directions along the same medium. Let’s suppose that each displaced upward 1 unit at its crest and has the shape of a sine wave. As the sine pulses move towards
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which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle. In classical physics‚ the diffraction phenomenon is described as the apparent bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings. Similar effects occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index‚ or a sound wave travels through one with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves‚ including sound waves‚ water waves‚ and electromagnetic waves such as visible light
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Quantum Mechanics Notes Matter can be understood by applying two scientific models: particles‚ and waves Particle Models Particles are objects that are hard‚ have mass‚ and move according to Newtonian mechanics. Particles are a macroscopsic model which can be applied to the microscopic world. Kinetic model of a gas: gas molecules are small‚ hard particles bouncing off of one another and the walls of their container. Macroscopic phenomena of pressure and volume are explained in terms of masses
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volume = cm3‚ ft3 Type of wave: heat‚ sound‚ magnetic‚ light. -All waves carry energy from one location to another Sound waves (acoustic waves): Travels through a medium Are mechanical Are longitudinal Generally travels in a straight line Are best described as a series of compressions and rarefactions. Diagnostic ultrasound: uses mechanical and longitudinal waves. Acoustic propagation
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Jiawei Huang 37154135 Fourier Transform Assignment 1. Fourier transform of sine wave (code): import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from scipy.fftpack import fft‚fftfreq dt = 0.01 time = np.arange(0‚5.‚dt) f_1 = 3. a_1 = 2.3 y = a_1*np.sin(2.*np.pi*time*f_1) plt.plot(time‚y) plt.xlabel("Time t [s]") plt.ylabel("Wave") plt.title("Wave Signal") plt.show() n = time.shape[-1] transform = (fft(y)[:n/2]) * 2./n frequency = fftfreq(n‚time[1]-time[0])[:n/2]
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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the speed of sound in air through the pulse-echo experiment and the measured air temperature. Hypothesis: I believe the measured air temperature will affect the speed of sound because sound waves are longitudinal waves composed of the alternating compressions and rarefactions in air. If the air temperature is below 0°C‚ then the speed of sound would be lower than 331.6 m/s and if the air temperature is above 0°C‚ then the speed of sound would be higher
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