control in Russia. However‚ from the Bolsheviks initial seizure of power in 1917 through to 1924‚ a number of other factors were of importance in enabling the Bolsheviks to consolidate this power. These factors included the Early Decrees‚ implemented Lenin‚ their victory in the civil war and the New Economic Policy (NEP). WC was introduced predominantly to focus industrial production on supplying the Red Army during the civil war. Historian Silvana Malle describes WC as being a pragmatic response to
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Russians residing in London‚ including Martov and Lenin‚ and he escaped to join them. Arriving in 1902‚ Trotsky established a strong relationship with Lenin‚ who appreciated his literary abilities. Lenin checked Trotsky’s writing‚ especially articles for the Communist newspaper ‘Iskra’. However‚ in the Party Congress of 1903‚ the Social democratic party split into the Lenin led Bolsheviks and Martov headed Mensheviks. Trotsky stood against Lenin‚ stating that his theories went against Marxist notion
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advocated for the working class‚ helped paved the way for trade unions for the working man and meet the demands of Russia’s revolutionary masses. These new ideas of radical government opened the way for Lenin‚ the leader of the socialist party called the Bolsheviks‚ to control this new-found government. Lenin believed “that Russia‚ despite its industrial backwardness‚ was nonetheless ready for a socialist revolution that would‚ he expected‚ spark further revolutions in the more developed countries.” He
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main reasons that resulted in the famine were due to the economic turbulence experienced as a result of the First World War and also the Russian Revolution. As a result of the famine‚ several internal revolutions were recorded and this necessitated Lenin to change the law to allow peasants to grow their own food and also allow for international aid to stream into the country. Secret documents retrieved from archives indicate that the famine was used politically as a means against the
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Russia in Revolution 1914-1924 Syllabus Notes Impact of WWI - Battles lost: Tannenberg and the Mazurian Lakes were the most crushing defeats on the Russian side. (1-2 million casualties altogether in the war) - Low morale: Because soldiers either died or deserted‚ the injured ones waiting for days with no medical care‚ patriotism collapsed. - No cooperation: The Russian army was a mess. Orders were given‚ then taken back‚ and workers had to toil to produce food at the failing front line
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invariably outside of politics. Though small in number‚ the middle class did have one great advantage it was an educated class and many in the middle class saw that Russia could not carry on as it was before Alexander III. Revolutionaries such as Lenin came from the middle class. It was in fact the middle class that caused most of the changes in Russia’s political views. The majority was split into two groups. Those on the right of politics wanted reform
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How far were divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years 1881 – 1905? Internal and external divisions amongst opposing political groups of the Tsar were important and somewhat responsible to the survival of Tsarist Russia. However‚ other factors such as religion and repression were also effective in keeping the Tsar in a state of power. On the one hand‚ one of the main reasons why divisions among its opponents were responsible for the survival of Tsarist
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“retired” from any business that had to do with the government. During this time he became more aware of the party’s weaknesses‚ and started to be conscious about the threat that Stalin supposed for not only the Bolsheviks‚ but for Russia’s future. Lenin wrote his “Letter to the Party Congress” in 1922‚ and alerted that Stalin was becoming too powerful and had to be removed immediately from his position. “That is why I suggest the comrades think about a way of removing Staling from that post and appointing
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Discuss the social and political ideas of Alexander Herzen Often named “the founder of Russian Socialism” (Chubarov 1999‚ Page 64)‚ Alexander Herzen was an important part of the early Russian revolutionary movement‚ and later an influence upon the revolutionaries of 1905 and 1917. He was a strong advocate of free speech as well as being critical of the European Bourgeoisie‚ the inequality of serfdom and the autocracy of the Tsar and the Romanovs‟. His beliefs began in the radical Westernisers who
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LEV KAMENEV Key Notes for Lev Kamenev (Up till 1924): Throughout the summer of 1923‚ Lenin seemed close to death and there was a political struggle Trotsky seemed to hold the most power due to his close friendship with Lenin before his strokes but an opposition had begun to emerge The opposition for Trotsky not only held Stalin but also 2 other politicians: Lev Kamenev and G.E. Zinoviev (a leading Bolshevik who had been Lenin’s closest aide during the revolution) Together‚ the 3 formed
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