Academic Reading sample task – Identifying writer’s views/claims Discovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’‚ the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine‚ however‚ is only a small component of cigarette smoke‚ which contains more than 4‚700 chemical compounds‚ including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times‚ scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical
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SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE Epistemological Definition Worldwide cities are experiencing a rush of population growth‚ this growth to the ecological balance shown against the environment and the exploitation of natural resources have sued implement new methods of construction using new technologies. (Big & Green: Toward Sustainable Architecture in the 21ST Century). Sustainable or sustainable architecture seeks to optimize natural resources and building systems that minimize the environmental
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Drafting By: Madison Stewart Drafting is the drawing up of blueprints for architectural structures‚ and mechanical engineering tools and objects. There are two sides to drafting‚ the mechanical side and the architectural side. It’s a great career that is fun‚ and easy to do. Architectural drafting has to deal with drawing up the blueprints for homes‚ schools‚ churches‚ and any other architectural structure you can think of. It’s very easy to come up with these blueprints. You can either draw
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Renaissance architecture evolved in the beginning of the 15th century‚ succeeding Gothic Architecture and lasted till the early 17th century. Renaissance architecture can also be defined as a restoration of Greek and Roman Architecture and its principles. As aforementioned‚ Greek and Roman architectural as well as artistic knowledge was lost due to the dark ages‚ and Renaissance sought to bring back that lost precious knowledge. Naturally Renaissance architecture saw use of architectural elements
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The 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) 1-6 October‚ 2008 Goa‚ India Earthquake Risk Mitigation Strategies in India C. Ghosh National Institute of Disaster Management‚ New Delhi‚ India Keywords: Disaster Management‚ earthquake‚ mitigation‚ building codes‚ ABSTRACT: About 59% of India’s land area is under the threat of moderate to severe earthquake shaking intensity VII and higher. In the last 20 years‚ 8 major
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occurred in Europe leading up to the Middle Ages (has) have had a lasting effect on architecture and design today. The enduring values of medieval art and architecture can be split up into five major styles‚ early Christian‚ Byzantine‚ Islamic‚ Romanesque and Gothic. The most influential period was the Gothic‚ which is known for its significant change from classical architecture; this change from classical architecture aided in the Gothic era’s transformation to its own identity. The Medieval period
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Departamentul de istoria & teoria arhitecturii şi conservarea patrimoniului LIMBAJ ARHITECTURAL 1 AN I / semestrul 2 – 2009-2010 TEMA 1 DE SEMINAR ANALIZA DE OBIECT ARHITECTURAL DUPĂ CRITERIUL ATRIBUTELOR VITRUVIENE Analizaţi (conform fişei de analiză de mai jos) 3 exemple de locuinţe individuale (legate de tema de atelier în desfăşurare)‚ din punctul de vedere al răspunsului la comandamentele vitruviene şi al expresiei arhitecturale pe care o generează‚ urmărind punctele propuse (unde este
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Criticism in architecture: does aesthetics matter in architecture? „Urgent questions which confront the architect are indeed philosophical questions‟ (Scruton 1979). In the letter of Goldberg (2003)‚ criticism in architecture is considered as an audience guide to appreciate good design: The purpose of architecture criticism in the general media is to create a better educated more critically aware‚ more visually literate constituency for architecture… In contrast‚ Baird mentioned: Today criticality
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everything‚ especially in the world’s architecture. Greece no longer had one king‚ so they focused on building temples for their gods. Architecture began small and plain but evolved into impressive pieces of art. As time passed from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period‚ the people of Greece developed a type of formula for their buildings and their pieces of art. In Ancient Greece‚ religion dominated their life‚ so it is understandable that their architecture would be dominated by their religion
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Dematerialization of Architecture The history of discourses has been developed for centuries‚ and architecture have entered a phase of re-evaluation. Because of the prevalent technology and media of creation in the virtual world‚ contemporary architecture is dematerialized to be images and abstract ideas. The definition of architecture has become even more subjective‚ obscure‚ ambiguous and limited. We took advantages from photography and the technology of visualization. But the excessive
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