Carolina Mammal Kidney Dissection Guide TM Capsule Cortex Medulla Pyramid Papilla Column Hilus Renal artery Renal vein Major calyx Minor calyx Pyramid Arcuate artery Arcuate vein Interlobar artery Interlobar vein Ureter Pelvis Sinus C80137 CarolinaTM Mammal Kidney Dissection Guide Overview The Carolina Mammal Kidney Dissection Guide is a general set of instructions for dissecting mammal kidneys. With each type of kidney‚ there will be differences in the size of the structures and kidney
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of Urinary System The urinary system consists of the kidneys‚ ureters‚ urinary bladder‚ and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters‚ urinary bladder‚ and urethra together form the urinary tract‚ which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the kidneys‚ store it‚ and then release it during urination. Besides filtering and eliminating wastes from the body‚ the urinary system also maintains the homeostasis of water‚ ions‚ pH‚ blood pressure‚ calcium
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and release urine. It consists of 2 kidneys‚ ureters‚ the urinary bladder‚ urethra and renal vessels which include the renal artery and the renal vein. The main blood supply comes from the renal artery which passes from the abdominal aorta into the kidneys. Each artery divides into small branches within the kidney tissues. The blood leaves kidneys via the renal vein. Kidneys We have two kidneys of which are bean shaped and dark red in colour. The ureter and renal vein both emerge from the kidney and
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infection called pyelonephritis. When kidney stone passes from the urine collecting system within the kidney into the ureter‚ it can act like a dam. preventing easy flow of urine from the kidney into the bladder. This causes urine to back up‚ increasing pressure and swelling within the kidney. Pain from a kidney stone can be excruciating‚ particularly as the stone is passing through the ureter. Kidney stone pain of this type is referred to as renal colic and its intensity is often described as akin to the
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and pressure • 2. Regulating plasma concentrations of sodium‚ potassium‚ chloride and other ions • 3. Stabilising blood pH • 4. Conserving nutrients • 5. Detoxifying poisons (with the liver) 4 Organisation of the Urinary System • • • • Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra 5 Position of the Kidneys CT abdomen with contrast MRI coronal abdomen 6 Protection of the Kidneys • 3 layers of connective tissue: Renal cortex – Inner layer- Renal capsule – Middle layer- Adipose capsule – Outer
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Chronic Kidney Disease Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is sometimes called the circulatory system. It consists of the heart‚ which is a muscular pumping device‚ and a closed system of vessels called arteries‚ veins‚ and capillaries. As the name implies‚ blood contained in the circulatory system is pumped by the heart around a closed circuit of vessels as it passes again and again through the various "circulations" of the body. The Heart * The heart
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reteric colic represent one of the common medical problem encountered by urologists in the emergency room‚ they are usually caused by ureteral stones. Management of such condition is usually conservative at first‚ if the stone fail to pass a more prompt action is needed‚ which is usually by one of the minimally invasive procedures like extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)‚ ureteroscopy‚ or percutaneous nephrolithotomy‚ depending on the stone size‚ location and the presence and degree of associated
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URINARY SYSTEM This system consists of the KIDNEYS‚ URETERS‚ URETHRA‚ and BLADDER. Not many structures‚ but very important. Functions: 1. Regulate electrolytes (K‚ Na‚ etc) in body 2. Regulate pH in blood 3. Regulate blood pressure 4. Regulate blood volume 5. Removing metabolic wastes (chemicals produces by chemical reactions in the body are excreted). This is the least important of the kidney’s functions. You can survive for a few weeks without excreting waste products in the urine‚ but hour
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regulation – of blood plasma volume and solute concentration • Kidneys are major excretory organs o Like a city’s water treatment plant! • Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine • Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder • Urethra transports urine out of the body • How does the urinary system control pH? o Regulation of plasma hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The kidneys partner
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renin‚ that causes and increase in blood pressure. -Contributions to metabolism: The kidneys help synthesize the hormone calcitriol. 2. Kidneys: the kidneys filter out wastes from the blood these wastes are then liquified into urine. Ureters: The ureters funnel the urine into the Urinary Bladder. Urinary Bladder: the urinary bladder stores the urine until muscle contraction forces the urine out. Urethra: the urethra is where the urine is forced out of the body. 3.
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