The European Union (so called since the treaty of Maastricht of 1992) is a political and economic unity including nowadays 28 members. It was previously known under the name of European Coal and Steel Community and started a partnership of six countries during the post World War II to prevent an another rise of national socialism and to enable economic cooperation. In 1957‚ it became the European Economic Community with the treaty of Rome and its main purpose has been to create a barrier-free
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Centrafarm BV tegen Sterling Drug Samenvatting Sterling Drug vennootschap naar het recht van de staat New York is ook in Nederland houder van het nationaal octrooi‚ betreffende de werkwijze voor de bereiding van een geneesmiddel onder de naam Acidum nalidixicum‚ bestemd voor de handeling van infecties van de urinewegen. De vennootschap Sterling-Winthrop heeft in Groot-Brittannië een dochteronderneming. Centrafarm heeft uit Engeland en Duitsland volgens de geoctrooieerde werkwijze zonder toestemming
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Compare the decision making process in the EU to that of other European Nations I am going to talk today about the processes of decision making in the EU and how it compares to that of the European nations‚ focusing mainly on western European nations such as France and Britain. I will firstly outline the processes undertaken by the EU when decision need to be made. Decisions made in the EU have a great effect on all member states‚ as such it is important that all the nations involved
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In this essay I shall attempt to analyse whether the separation of powers is respected in the attribution of competences within the European Union. The separation of powers In order to assess this question we first have to consider what the doctrine of separation of powers actually is. The idea was developed by the French jurist Montesquieu in the 18th Century. It is based on a division of power between the legislature‚ the executive and the judiciary. Each institution have their distinct and largely
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Date: October 1‚ 2010 Staff member of the Directorate-General Koninginnegracht 23F‚ 2535RS The Hague The Honorable Jan Peter Balkenende Minister President Herengracht 12-D‚ 2717DC Middelburg Dear Minister President‚ As a staff member of the Directorate-General of the European Commission I have been appointed to describe to you the composition and the powers of the Commission in the European Union. In the following paragraph I will describe the body of the Commission divided
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In this part of the presentation‚ I’m going to speak a little about the potential reforms that could be made to the European Parliament to make it a more powerful institution. My main source of information when it came to these reform ideas where the core text by Neil Nugent‚ Michelle Cini’s "European Union Politics" and Judge and Earnshaw’s "The European Parliament"‚ which can be found on the reading list for this seminar. I found them to be good sources of information‚ as they lay out powers and
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in 1973. Two years after there was a referendum in Britain about whether they should stay in the union or not. 66% voted to stay‚ and this was the last referendum Britain have had about staying or leaving the EU. In 1991 the Maastrict Treaty was signed‚ this treaty said that the EU should make a single currency for all the membership countries. This currency was made to challenge the dollar and its international supremacy. However‚ former Prime minister John Major did not want Britain to be a part
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maximum in a competitive match upon condition that two of them having played for at least five years in the club´s country (R. Parrish‚ (2003)‚ Sports law and policy in the European Union‚ p. 226). Bosman´s argumentation based on the article 48 (Treaties of Rome) which deals amongst others with the free movement of workers in an international labour market and guarantees the equal treatment of workers of the
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Keywords ++++ TAX PROVISIONS - INTERNAL TAXATION - PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY - AIM - PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN IMPORTED PRODUCTS AND SIMILAR OR COMPETING DOMESTIC PRODUCTS - SIMILAR OR COMPETING PRODUCTS - ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ( EEC TREATY‚ ART . 95 ) Summary ARTICLE 95 OF THE TREATY AS A WHOLE AIMS TO ENSURE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS BETWEEN THE MEMBER STATES IN NORMAL CONDITIONS OF COMPETITION BY THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF PROTECTION WHICH RESULT FROM THE APPLICATION OF INTERNAL
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relevant caselaw. Article 258 TFEU (Formerly Art 226 EC) empowers the European Commission to deliver a reasoned opinion to a member state when it considers that the state has failed to fulfil an obligation under the treaties. The action seeks to “fulfil an obligation under the EC Treaty” and to “obtain a declaration that the conduct of a Member State infringes Community Law and of terminating that conduct”. If the Court of Justice of the European Union finds that the member state has failed to fulfil
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