Plant Kingdom * Bryophyta * Non-vascular (no xylem or phloem) * Reliance on diffusion and osmosis * Ergo‚ size restriction to damp areas * Reproduce via haploid spores * No roots; rhizoids * No true stems * Possible earliest colonists of land. * Moss‚ liverworts‚ hornworts * Filicinophyta * Seedless (male gamete meets female gametes) * Vascular (xylem carry water and phloem carry nutrients) * Ferns‚ club mosses‚
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1. Cells structure and Organisation 1.1 Plant Cells and Animal Cells: Fig.1.0 Basic structures of an animal cell and a plant cell. 1. • • • Cell wall: Porous. Permeable. Non-living structure made of cellulose. 2. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane • Semi-permeable/Partially permeable(Only certain parts can pass through it and some aren’t able). 3. • • • Cytoplasm Contains cell organelles. Food substances. Mostly H2O. 4. Vacuole/Sap vacuole/Large central vacuole • Mostly H2O. 5. Nucleus •
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present in the cohesion-tension theory. Water is pulled up from the soil by osmosis from the root hairs of a plant‚ due to a lower water potential inside the root hair cell. Higher up‚ the plant is transpiring through its stomata (the rate of transpiration
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PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011 BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011 Teacher’s Module 1 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011 Paper 2 – Section A: Structural Questions 1. Marks Student notes Diagram 1.1 shows a somatic cell of an insect undergoing meiosis. Process X R: Centromere Q: Chromosome/ chromatid S: Nuclear membrane Diagram 1.1 (a) Label Q‚ R and S in Diagram 1.1. [3 marks] (b)
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FRQ #3 a.) The first property of water is its polarity. A water molecule is formed by one oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity of the oxygen atom creates an unequal sharing of electrons between the O and H atoms of the molecule. This also gives water the ability to form hydrogen bonds between the slightly negative oxygen atom and the slightly positive hydrogen atom. Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonds. Because of this‚ water requires
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Ecology Pyramids 1. a. Sunlight b. 3190000kcal per square meter per year 2. 3. a. .8% b. Photosynthesis 4. By eating the organisms in the previous level 5. 400o0 kcal 6. 7. 8. 90% of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred through trophic levels 9. .6% 10. .09% 11. Only a tiny fraction of the original energy remains. The biomass would have to increase substantially if this system were to support another trophic level beyond the hawk 12. Since little energy is available for a single
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Northern Caribbean University Department of Biology‚ Chemistry and Environmental Sciences **** BIOL 165: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY1 Laboratory Manual 2013-2014 http://www.udel.edu/biology/Wags/histopage/colorpage/cin/cin.htm To be used in Anatomy & Physiology-BIOL 165 & 166 labs only Not to be used as a source of reference Not to be sold or distributed outside of the classroom Lecturers: Nadia Washington‚ MSc. Delano Lewis‚ PhD. Disclaimer
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The Biological Importance of Water. Water is a material that is essential for all life on earth. The fact that water makes up between 60 and 95 percent of all living organisms clearly shows the biological importance of this compound. The way that water is structured and its properties lead to it being one of the most individual and vital compounds on earth. Water molecules are dipolar‚ meaning they have a positively charged and a negatively charged region. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen
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are small pores they are controlled by guard cells which control the opening and closing of stomata. Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter the plant‚ and allow water and excess oxygen to escape. About 90% of water is lost from the leaf during transpiration. The number of stomata on leaf surface varies among different species. The lower epidermis tends to have the most number of stomata than the upper surface. In order to carry out the experiment 3 methods were used: (1) Calibration of the eyepiece
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Water is continuously being recycled in a process called the water cycle. All living things on earth need water to survive. The water cycle has no starting point and no end point. Earth’s water is always in movement and always changing forms‚ it can go from a liquid to a solid to a gas and back to a liquid. The water cycle is how we track movement of water above‚ in and on the earth. The water cycle consists of three major processes‚ condensation‚ evaporation and precipitation. Condensation is the
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