Transactional leadership involves a social exchange. It "focuses on interpersonal interactions between managers and employees" (Kreitner & Kinicki‚ 2005 p. 613). In transactional leadership "Leaders are seen as engaging in behaviors that maintain a quality interaction between themselves and followers" (Kreitner & Kinicki‚ 2005 p. 613). The two characteristics of Transactional leadership are: "Leaders use contingent rewards to motivate employees‚ and leaders exert corrective action only when subordinates
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Explain and Evaluate Critically Malthus’s Population Theory. In 1798 Thomas Robert Malthus‚ a British clergyman and professor‚ wrote an essay showing the way to modern demography. In 1824 he wrote a shorter final version‚ the article on population for that year’s Encyclopedia Britannica. Malthus has been criticized for his lack of scientific foresighthe did not foresee modern advances leading to increased life expectancy‚ food production and birth control. He has been criticized for his
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Critically evaluate the contributions of functionalism to the study of society. Functionalist theory is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It can be argued that the functionalist theory has made a significant contribution to the study of society. It originates from the work of Emile Durkheim who suggests that social order is possible and society remains stable due to the functioning of several institutions. Everything has a specific function in society and society will always
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Critically evaluate Piaget ’s theory of cognitive development Piaget has been described as the father of cognitive psychology (Shaffer‚ 1988) and his stage theory as the foundation of developmental cognitive psychology (Lutz & Sternberg‚ 2002). It is not possible to describe Piaget ’s empirical findings and theory in only 1‚500 words. Instead‚ I will briefly review the theory ’s scope‚ comprehensiveness‚ parsimony‚ applicability‚ heuristic value and methodological underpinning. I will then evaluate
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Topic: Explain and critically evaluate the concept of “freedom of navigation” Prepared by: Nadir Gürpınar Table of Content: 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................4 2. HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF THE FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION................................4 3. THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION.....................................................4 4. THE COASTAL STATE JURISDICTION
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Transactional leadership is more of a management style than a form of leadership. Nevertheless‚ it can be very effective for motivating subordinates and eliciting productivity. There are a few assumptions that go hand-in-hand with transactional leadership. Primarily‚ transactional leadership assumes that people are motivated by rewards‚ they will cede authority to their chosen leaders and fulfill goals and objectives set by their leaders. There are many benefits that come with an organization’s choice
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Transactional Theory and Emily Introduction In this Assignment we will be looking at how an understanding of transactional behaviour as theorised by Eric Berne may help with managing a business. This paper is a discussion based on the 6th chapter of the book Management and Organisational Behaviour by Laurie J. Mullins pages 235 - 237. Emily has recently been left to manage her deceased fathers business; she has no previous knowledge of the business or the staff. Emily is currently forming
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Jennifer Young SPCH 1311 February 5‚ 2013 Reflection Paper 1 Transactional Communication Model Communication is unique in the fact that what you intend to relay through your message‚ the verbal or nonverbal relay of information‚ may not be the meaning‚ or understanding the receiver interprets. Several moments in my life stand out as significant‚ but the following example has played the largest role in changing my attitude‚ values‚ and beliefs‚ otherwise known as my field of experience. On
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Critically evaluate the Marxist perspective of the family According to Marx’s perspective‚ family is seen as an obstruction to achieve the communist goals‚ as it is crucial to passing the established order such as cultural ideals on to the next generation. However‚ Marx was focused on social class rather than the role of family‚ it was his friend Engels trace the evolution of the family in “The Origin of the Family‚ Private Property and the State” (1884 ‚ Zurich) In this context‚ this essay will
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Critically evaluate McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. How far is it applicable to management and employee motivation in contemporary Chinese organizations? In the modern corporation environment‚ employees’ motivation plays a pivotal role‚ thus they should be recognised as a significant part of corporations’ financial assets. There are several distinct viewpoints of approaches to managerial strategies about motivating employees‚ one of which is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. It proposes that
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