The compiler has a number of phases plus symbol table manager and an error handler. Input Source Program ↓ Lexical Analyzer ↓ Syntax Analyzer ↓ Symbol Table Manager Semantic Analyzer Error Handler ↓ Intermediate Code Generator ↓ Code Optimizer ↓ Code Generator ↓ Out Target Program The cousins of the compiler are Preprocessor. Assembler. Loader and Link-editor
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is a program that takes a input program on one programming language (source language) and produces output in another language (object language or target language). 2. What are the phases of a compiler? • Lexical analysis phase or scanning phase • Syntax analysis phase • Intermediate code generation • Code optimization • Code generation 3. What is the role of lexical analysis phase? Lexical analyzer reads the source program one character at a time‚ and grouped into a sequence of atomic units called
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denotational semantics mapping function for the following statements in Java a) (5%) Mi++(++‚ S) Mi++(++‚ S) = If VARMAP(id‚ S) = undefined Then error Else (V‚ S’) Where V = VARMAP(id‚ S) S’ = S[V+1 / id] b) (5%) M++i(++‚ S) = If VARMAP(id‚ S) = undefined Then error Else (V‚ S’) Where V = VARMAP(id‚ S) + 1 S’ = S[V / id] c)(10%) Mfor(for ( ; ; ) {}‚ S) Assume the semantics mapping functions Massign‚ Mbexpr‚ are Mstmts given. Mfor(for ( ; ; ) {}‚ S) = If Massign(‚ S) = error then error
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techniques have been evolved. These techniques involve applying obfuscating transformations to the Java byte code. These techniques prevent automatic software analysis tools‚ De-compilers‚ from producing correct source code by introducing syntax and semantic errors in the generated source code. The proposed techniques are applied on sample Java class files to examine the effectiveness of the techniques in impeding reverse engineering. The results reveal the erroneous codes generated by the tested
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Java Software Solutions: Foundations of Program Design‚ 6e (Lewis/Loftus) Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1) A Java program is best classified as A) hardware B) software C) storage D) processor E) input Answer: B Explanation: B) Programs are classified as software to differentiate them from the mechanisms of the computer (hardware). Storage and the processor are two forms of hardware while input is the information that the program processes. 2) 6 bits can be
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compiled Synthesis of a target program Almost all modern compilers are syntax-directed: The compilation process is driven by the syntactic structure of the source program. A parser builds semantic structure out of tokens‚ the elementary symbols of programming language syntax. Recognition of syntactic structure is a major part of the analysis task. Semantic analysis examines the meaning (semantics) of the program. Semantic analysis plays a dual role. It finishes the analysis task by performing a
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token. It may be required to search many characters beyond the next token in order to determine what the next token actually is. Phases of a Compiler Phase 2: Syntax Analyzer or Parser The second phase of the compiler‚ called the Syntax Compiler or Parser receives a stream of tokens as the output of the lexical analyzer. The syntax analyzer groups tokens together into syntactic structure called as expression. Expression may further be combined to form statements. The syntactic structure can be
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A language translator is a program which translates programs from source language into an equivalent program in an object language. Keywords and phrases:source-language‚ object-language‚ syntax-directed‚ compiler‚ assembler‚ linker‚ loader‚ parser‚ scanner‚ top-down‚ bottom-up‚ context-free grammar‚ regular expressions A computer constructed from actual physical devices is termed an actual computer or hardware computer. From the programming point of view‚ it is the instruction set of the hardware
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phonology‚ morphology‚ syntax‚ and semantics. Therefore‚ applied linguistics can be applied in any field. One is education related to language learning. According to Bloom & Lahey (Owen‚ 1992:14)‚ language is very complex systems that can be well understood with elaborate an element or component functions. Language can be divided into three principal‚ though not equally important components: patterns‚ content‚ and usability. When people use language‚ it encodes the ideas (semantics)‚ ie‚ it uses a symbol
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working with programming languages‚ what is meant by “syntax”? Give one or more examples. A syntax is a symbolic representation illustrating form and structure. Syntax in the form of text is completed through a series of characters. In a graphical environment‚ a syntax is illustrated in the form of symbols. An example of a graphical syntax is the symbol of a speaker is a representation of volume or sound. An example of a text syntax is the paragraph mark in a Word document. 2. When
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