KNUST SCHOOL OF BUSINESS Earnings management is in the best interest of shareholders. Discuss ACF 351 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE BY‚ DUNOO SELASI LARRY Earnings management is in the best interest of shareholders. Discuss Earnings‚ sometimes called profit‚ net income are the single most important item in the financial statements. They indicate the extent to which a company has engaged in value added activities‚ they are signals that helps direct resource allocation
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Balance Income Statement Balance Sheet Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Cash 2‚320 2‚320 2‚320 Accounts Receivable 2‚440 2‚440 2‚440 Supplies 1‚880 1‚580 300 300 Accounts Payable 1‚120 1‚120 1‚120 Unearned Revenue 240 140 100 100 Common Stock 3‚600 3‚600 3‚600 Service Revenue 2‚400 140 2‚540 2‚540 Salaries Expense 560 280 840 840 Miscellaneous Expense 160 160 160 Totals 7‚360 7‚360 Supplies Expense 1‚580 1‚580 1‚580 Salaries Payable 280 280
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Preferred Stock is referred to as preferred‚ because there is a higher claim against the stock than common stocks. There is a difference from preferred stocks and common stock when it comes to their dividends and liquidation. A preferred stockholder would receive their dividends sooner than common stockholders. This makes it so that if a preferred stockholder were to decide to opt out of paying their dividends than the common stock will not have a dividend. “The best way to think of preferred stock is as
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charges. As a result‚ firms in unstable industries tend to use less debt than those whose sales are subject to only moderate fluctuations. 12-4 The tax benefits from debt increase linearly‚ which causes a continuous increase in the firm’s value and stock price. However‚ bankruptcy-related costs begin to be felt after some amount of debt has been employed‚ and these costs offset the benefits of debt. See Figure 12-5 in the textbook. 12-5 Carson does have leverage because its EPS increases by a greater
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PREFERRED STOCK VERSUS COMMON STOCK The primary advantage to an investor of holding preferred stock compared with common stock is that the preferred stock return is somewhat more predictable (more certain). The issuing company will generally make a real effort to try to avoid defaulting on the preferred stock dividend. Since the return to preferred stock is reasonably well defined and since the preferred stockholders precede the common stockholders (the preferred dividends are paid before the
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is it possible for an employee stock option to be valuable even if the firm’s stock price fails to meet shareholder’s expectations? Employees have the option of buying stocks because stock options are in essence the right to buy a specified number of shares at a specified price known as the “strike price”‚ within a specified period of time. There are several ways an employee stock option could be valuable. The option pays off if‚ at option expiration‚ the stock price is higher than the option’s
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With Preferred stock‚ there are of a variety of features that can be added to in order to either increase its attractiveness to investors‚ or to make it easier for the issuing company to buy back. Some company uses this to gain access to cash fast and they can control their payback. Preferred stock can have a lot of features add to it but here are the four major categories they will fall into: Callable this feature gives a company the ability to buy back preferred stock on specific dates and at
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Stock dividend * Definition: * A corporate distribution to shareholders declared out of profits‚ at the discretion of the directors of the corporation‚ which is paid in the form of shares of stock‚ as opposed to money‚ and increases the number of shares. * A dividend paid as additional shares of stock rather than as cash. If dividends paid are in the form of cash‚ those dividends are taxable. When a company issues a stock dividend‚ rather than cash‚ there usually are not tax consequences
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in this case to structure the valuation of sequel options to tailor it for the Black-Scholes approach‚ to valuing Call options on a Stock with a traded market value process? In particular‚ what numbers should be assigned to: • • • • The “primitive asset value” underlying sequel value (on average)‚ for a “representative” (scale adjusted) film; The exercise price for a sequel option to be executed; The relevant time horizon (maturity) of sequel options; The variance rate of the underlying asset values/returns
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Do you Know? • What is Derivative Market? • What is Hedging? • What is OTC? • What is Exotic Option? Parisian Option Passport option Rainbow option Russian Option Shout Option Spread Option Parisian Option The pay off a standard European option only depends on the price of the underlying asset at the maturity date Passport option A Passport option grants its holder the right to engage in short/long trading strategy of his own choice A passport is a new contingent
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