Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
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“[Dry cleaning] cleans all sorts of....fabrics...in such a manner that nobody would ever think they had been wetted...it neither changes nor alters color‚ but it takes the dirt‚ oil‚ and grease out of silks‚ cotton‚ and wool assisted by labor.” History And an Overview In “Dry Cleaning‚ Part 1. The Process and History: From Starch to Finish‚” author Eugene Garfield noted the early history of dry cleaning. It has been studied that the Mycenaean civilization‚ which was in existence from 1600 - 1100
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1. Refining Capacity Indian refining industry has done exceedingly well in establishing itself as a major player globally. India is emerging as a refinery hub and refining capacity exceeds the demand. The last decade has seen a tremendous growth in the refining sector. The country’s refining capacity has increased from a modest 62 Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum (MMTPA) in 1998 to 215.066 MMTPA at present‚ comprising of 22 refineries - 17 under Public Sector‚ 3 under private sector and 2 in Joint
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Ethanol Production from Waste Banana (Musa paradisiaca l.) Peelings Researchers: * Mitzi B. Pamulaklakin * Irish Jane B. Balisoro * Janina M. Lobusta * Angielyn N. Miranda * Krissa Mae A. de Villa * Albert D. Cruz * Mark Darwin D. Hernandez * Gelbert B. dela Cruz * Rhandell M. Sode Mrs. Flor P. Lapitan Science Teacher Abstract: This study entitled “Ethanol Production from Waste Banana (Musa paradisiaca l.) Peelings” aims to produce
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four steps. The basicity had to be tested to check and see whether the unreacted Benzoic acid was removed. Finally‚ the excess water had to be removed as well to achieve a pure dichloromethane organic layer that would be used for simple distillation. The distillation apparatus separated the dichloromethane from the methyl benzoate by difference in temperature. The Methyl Benzoate could only be achieved when the temperature climbed to 198-199 Celsius. The product will be obtained if the steps are taken
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1. Lambanog can be produced using the process of distillation. The freshly gathered coconut tree sap is oyster white in color‚ has a nearly neutral pH‚ and is already inherently sweet tasting by nature. Allowed to ferment further if too sweet and less alcoholic. 2. Put desired amount of tuba or coconut sap in distillation chamber. Apply heat until it evaporates. 3. Condensed the evaporated alcohol using flowing water at the top of the distillation chamber to liquefy the alcohol in gaseous phase
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polar and the reaction can proceed via an SN1 reaction. The main objective is to obtain test results to determine the mechanism of the reaction and purity of the product. Introduction: The techniques used in this laboratory included reflux‚ distillation‚ and extraction as well as obtaining IR and NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of 1-Butanol to 1-Bromobutane occurs via a substitution reaction. This reaction type can proceed via either the SN1 or SN2 mechanisms. SN2 reactions have a second order
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31 0.96 Insoluble MATERIALS: Graduated cylinder Weight scale Buchner funnel Filter flask Rubber stopper Hot plate Thermometer Conical funnel Various size beakers Fractionating column (for reflux) Various sized round bottom flasks Distillation head Condenser Vacuum adapter Clamps and stands Test tubes PROCEDURE: Pre Lab: The experiment should be carried out AWAY from the sunlight. Before beginning the experiment‚ we need to make sure that the benzene used in the experiment
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1) What is the purpose of ice or cold water? To cool down the gas so that it condenses and turns into a liquid. 2) when the gas collecting tube is upside down‚ give a property of this gas. It is less dense than air. 3) Why is a pencil used in drawing the origin line in chromatography? If pen was used‚ it will dissolve giving colours and so‚ the experiment won’t be accurate. Pencil doesn’t interfere with the results. 4) When using ethanol‚ give a better apparatus arrangement‚ and why? Cover
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of renewable energy sources such as solar‚ wind and geothermal energy with desalination systems holds great promise for tackling water shortage and is a potential for viable solution of climate change problems and water scarcity [11]. 1.4 Solar Distillation The World Health Organization estimates that over a billion people lack access to purified drinking water and the vast majority of these people are living in rural areas. The low population density
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