Experiment 2: Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase Theoretical Background Polymers of carbohydrates are called polysaccharides‚ and make up some of the most important naturally occurring compounds [1]. They have thousands of monosaccharide units linked to each other by oxygen bridges. They include starch‚ glycogen‚ and cellulose‚ all three of which yield only glucose when completely hydrolyzed [2]. A B Figure 1. Starch (amylose) (A) and cellulose (B) Starch occurs
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The Process of Digestion Over the course of time there have been many difficult questions and theories about everyday life. Using physiology & chemistry‚ those questions have been able to be answered. From the mixture of gases in the air we breathe to the organic substance of plastic or paper‚ chemistry can be seen everywhere. However‚ most people mistook the power of chemistry in our own bodies. How is it that a simple slice of bread‚ once consumed‚ can turn into fuel for the human body
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DIGESTION IN THE MOUTH: Food is mechanically cut by incisors and canines‚ chewed by molars and premolars‚ and mixed with saliva by the tongue. The saliva has been produced by salivary glands‚ which pour it into the mouth through salivary ducts. This process of introducing food into the mouth is called ingestion. Chewing breaks food into smaller particles so that chemical digestion can occur faster. This cutting and mixing is called mastication. Moreover‚ food is chemically digested by salivary
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Test for Starch Introduction and Hypothesis: In this experiment‚ we used iodine to test for starch in certain solutions. Iodine separates starch from polysaccharides‚ monosaccharides‚ and disaccharides. Starch is a curled polymer of glucose and iodine interacts with molecules‚ which changes the color of the molecules to a kind of black color. Iodine does not respond with carbohydrates that are not curled or coiled‚ thus the color stays yellowish brown. A black color result means that starch is current
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The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch is carried out under milder conditions: lower temperatures (up to 1000C)‚ normal pressure‚ pH of the medium around 6 – 8. At the same time enzymatic hydrolysis is characterized by high reaction rate‚ high stability of the enzyme towards the denaturizing action of solvents‚ detergents‚ proteolytic enzymes‚ and a decrease in the viscosity of the reaction medium at higher temperatures‚ etc. Most often‚ enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out with the enzyme α-amylase from
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B. Statement of the problem. General Problem The problem is if cassava starch is an effective component for biodegradable plastic. Specific problems The easiest problem to solve will be the texture and bubbles. The mixture can’t be too thick when it’s being made and heated. If it’s too thick‚ air bubbles will get trapped in the mixture when it’s heated and won’t be able to get out. Try adding more water. It will take longer to dry‚ of course‚ but that will help to get rid of the bubbles
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fragments. This step is made possible by the contraction of the muscle of the stomach‚ the muscularis. Composed of three layers of fibers arranged longitudinally‚ circular and oblique‚ it mixes and kneads the food. Then begins the chemical digestion. Only the digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. The mucosa contains glands that secrete gastric juices. Under normal conditions‚ the production of juices is 2 to 3 L per day. Hydrochloric acid and enzymes are also produced by cells of the stomach. All
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Digestion define as a process where foods been breaking down by enzymatic action in the Gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) into nutrients in preparation for absorption. GI tract is the flexible muscular tube from mouth to anus. The digestion of carbohydrates begin in the mouth‚ where an enzyme‚ salivary amylase (α-amylase;ptyalin) starts to breaking the polysaccharides (starch) into short polysaccharides (dextrin). Dextrin is a partial degradation of starch‚ shorter chains of maltose units. Salivary
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PROCESS OF DIGESTION 1 Process of Digestion Amy Wallace EN 101 February 27‚ 2013 Miller-Motte Technical College PROCESS OF DIGESTION 2 Digestion is an important process needed for maintaining and providing energy to living organisms. Throughout the digestion process‚ food is broken down into small molecules‚ where it can be absorbed easily. There are many organs that aid
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EXPERIMENT NO. 12 DIGESTION IN THE STOMACH ABSTRACT____________________________________________________________________________ Digestion refers to the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that can undergo absorption. The objective of this experiment is to investigate mainly the process of digestion in the stomach. The conditions at which the enzymes responsible for the digestion process were determined. Also‚ the total and free acidity of gastric juice of the sample
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